Essay on John Donne - 1928 Words

John Donne John Donne had a rich life full of travel, women and religion. Donne was born in 1572 on Bread Street in London. The family was Roman Catholic which was dangerous during this time when Catholicism was being abolished and protestant was taking over. Donne’s farther was an iron monger who died in 1576. At 11 Donne and his younger brother went to university and studied there for three years then he went to Cambridge for a further three years. He left without any degrees because as a Catholic he could not swear the ‘Oath of Supremacy’, which made you swear an oath declaring Henry VIII as head of the Church of England, Donne refused to swear this. In 1592 Donne joined a law practice and a legal career seemed ahead of†¦show more content†¦When there marriage was discovered Donne was thrown into prison by Anne’s father along with several other of Donne’s friends who were involved. John Donne lost his job and for the next few years struggled to provide for his family through his writing of poetry and practising some law and ‘tutoring’ rich women. It was not until 1609 that Donne was reconciled with his farther-in-law who then provided John and Ann with a dowry. Later on his life Ann died in labour of his thirteenth son. He then lived his life out as a protestant and part of the new Church of England. I shall now talk about how religion relates to Donne’s poetry. His life passed during a major change of religion in England the king wanted all control of the church so he could divorce his wife, he declared himself head of the Church of England. My first poem that relates to religion is ‘The Flea’ in this poem Donne is trying to convince a woman to sleep with him by using religion to sanctify him sleeping with her for example when he says ‘Where we almost, nay more, than married are†¦our marriage bed, and marriage temple is[2]’, he makes the bed seem holy and that g-d wants them to sleep together this may of reassured her as it connects g-d and the church together to make everything alright and holy . This poem proves that Donne is a veryShow MoreRelated Biography of John Donne Essay3729 Words   |  15 PagesBiography of John Donne John Donne was an English poet and probably the greatest metaphysical poets of all time. He was born in 1572 to a Roman Catholic family in London. His father died when John was young leaving his mother Elisabeth to raise him and his siblings. Throughout Donne’s life his experiences with religion were full of trials and tribulations, something that can be clearly seen in his poetry over time. He remained Catholic early in life while he attended both Oxford and CambridgeRead MoreJohn Donne Poetry Analysis2693 Words   |  11 PagesJohn Donne Poetry Essay The metaphysical poets were segregated in the seventeenth century to form a new and distinct style of poetry that employed immaculate wit, complex metaphors and luminous imagery. John Donne’s poetry is no exception to the form and thematic volume of the metaphysicals. Donne explores ideas in a manner which some readers find confronting and enlightening through relentless use of metaphysical conceits and his direct address to an individual or god. Donne confronts and enlightensRead MoreMetaphysical Poetry By John Donne1590 Words   |  7 Pagesgot involved in metaphysical poetry like: Samuel Johnson who wrote his book which is known as ‘’Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets’’, Henry Vaughan, Andrew Marvel, Richard Crashaw, George Herbert and finally who was the main founder, John Donne. John Donne (1572 - 1631), the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry, lived and wrote during the succeeding reigns of Elizabeth I, James 1 and Charles I. His early life was passed in dissipation and roguery, much occupied with secret love-makingRead MoreMetaphysical Poetry of John Donne1441 Words   |  6 PagesKirsten Furnish AP Literature Mrs. Hendricks November 1, 2012 Literary Analysis of John Donne This examination of John Donne’s metaphysical poetry includes analysis of Donne’s use of topic, structure, scansion, style and theme. John Donne is known as one of the best writers of metaphysical poetry, a genre of poetry that is characterized specifically by themes of knowledge, intellect, and having a somewhat unrecognizable meter or rhyme. Metaphysical poetry forsakes pure and genial nature of otherRead MoreJohn Donne And George Herbert942 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Donne and George Herbert are two metaphysical poets that lived in the United Kingdom around the 17th century. Although they are almost a generation apart in age, both poets showcase an unbelievable amount of comparison in their poems. Each of these poets has written about their life experiences from troubling times to love and compassion. Though they share similar backgrounds, each poet has a unique style that shows a great amount of symbolism, irony and spirituality. The poems EasterRead MoreSonnet 116 And John Donne1059 Words   |  5 Pages William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 116† and John Donne’s â€Å"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning† similarly explore the theme of everlasting true love. However, both poems differ in rhyme scheme, techniques, and meaning. The poets use these tools to convey to the reader that everlasting true love does in fact exist. Although both speak so passionately about said love, only the speaker of Donne’s poem has actually experienced it. While both poems explicate eternal true love, their rhyme scheme differencesRead MoreDeath Be Not Proud By John Donne1329 Words   |  6 Pagesthe insignificance of death as a state in Donne’s time. However, this value does not transcend to our modern existential contexts, as epitomised in W;t, where death, seen as a terrifying fate, is the end of everything. Through irony and wit, we see Donne finally dismissed death, â€Å"Death, thou shalt die.† Consequently, we see how, through Donne’s context, the perennial issue of death is ridiculed and disempowered. In contrast to Donne’s poetry we see how the transition through time of sociologicalRead MoreDeath Is Inevitable By John Donne Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesMeditations XVII by John Donne, the speaker talks about how everyone has a path in life and God is the one that decides who dies and who doesn t. By many, death is seen with fear, anger, denial, and grieve. In the poem, I Felt a Funeral in My Brain by Emily Dickinson, the speaker appears to be losing her mind and uses funeral as a metaphor; a representation of the speaker s emotions dying. For me, death is a way for a person to start a new chapter. Perhaps even a better â€Å"life†. John Donne was an EnglishRead MoreJohn Donne s A Fever1270 Words   |  6 Pagesmetaphysical poet, John Donne is known for use of strange paradoxical imagery, complicated thought, and questioning the nature of the reader’s reality. In the sonnet, â€Å"A Fever,† Donne explores an unusual and complex love that he has for a woman. Throughout this poem Donne makes use of the contrasting themes of love and hate. While some might this consider this unusually, Donne’s use of the contrasting themes of love and hate show that the love a woman can give purpose to a man’s existence. Donne begins hisRead MoreDeath, Be Not Proud, By John Donne1303 Words   |  6 Pagesstages of your own life you will experience death in some way. In the poems, â€Å"Death, be not proud† and â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night,† the speakers possess two similar ideas of just what death is. â€Å"Death, be not proud† is a poem written by John Donne and maintains a direct approach to the coming of death. â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night,† is another poem discussing death and mortality, written by Dylan Thomas, and reflects his somewhat more defiant attitude towards death. In both poems

Special Education - 836 Words

Early Childhood Education Early childhood education is traditionally defined as any education-taking place before the primary grades of first through third grades in elementary school. It encompasses all education from birth to first grade, but usually the term is used to refer to the more formalized nursery or preschool environments and kindergartens. These classroom environments have different emphases from developmental to academic. The most appropriate type of educational structure for children this age focuses on their individual level of development and their individual interests; therefore, most academic classrooms are inappropriate because of their emphasis on seatwork and teacher directed learning. The best available curriculum†¦show more content†¦In this process, children build their own way of learning. From children s errors, teachers can obtain insights into the child s view of the world and can tell where guidance is needed. They can provide appropriate materi als, ask encouraging questions, and allow the child to construct his own knowledge. Piaget s continued interactions with young children became part of his life-long research. After reading about a child who thought that the sun and moon followed him wherever he went, Piaget wanted to find out if all young children had a similar belief. He found that many did indeed believe this. Piaget went on to explore children s countless why questions, such as, Why is the sun round?†, or Why is grass green? He concluded that children do not think like adults. Their thought processes have their own distinct order and special logic. Children are not empty vessels to be filled with knowledge (as traditional pedagogical theory had it). They are active builders of knowledge-little scientists who construct their own theories of the world. An old Chinese proverb states: Tell me and I forget. Show me and I remember. Involve me and I understand. In three short statements, this proverb represents my outlook on education. Over-all my philosophy could be described as eclectic; nonetheless, the main emphasis I plan to make stems from progressivism. I also plan to incorporate behaviorism into my teachings and I will maintain anShow MoreRelatedSpecial Needs For Special Education1028 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction/Purpose Fitzgerald, Ryan Fitzgerald (2015) reported that it has been an increase of children identified with special education needs in different countries in Europe. One of the explanation for this influx is the definition of special needs recently changed, which caused more children to fall under that category. Since more children qualify for special education, professionals and parents need training and guidance on meeting the needs of those students. In Ireland, there is a challengeRead MoreEducational Education And Special Education1556 Words   |  7 Pagesover or coddled by general education teachers; teachers without the proper training, no less, expected to properly instruct these students with intellectual disabilities. Kids that are always expected too much of or doubted indefinitely. These are the children that don’t belong in a general education classroom. While mainstreaming, the act of blending general education and special education classes, can possess benefits for both general education and special education pupils, it should not be implementedRead MoreEssay special education11975 Words   |  48 Pagescan cause hip dislocation and deformed bone growth.   No treatment may be currently available to lessen Davids impairment. Disability:    Davids inability to walk is a disability.   His level of disability can be improved with physical therapy and special equipment.   For example, if he learns to use a walker, with braces, his level of disability will improve considerably. Handicap:    Davids cerebral palsy is handicapping to the extent that it prevents him from fulfilling a normal role at home, inRead MoreHistorical Background Of Special Education Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pages2011 according to the National Center for Education Statistics 13 percent of the total number of enrollment in the public school were receiving federally supported special education programs†. (National Center for Education Statistics) The goal of special education is for all students with or without a disability to be educated in the least restrictive environment. It is the common belief that special needs students should be placed in the general education classroom with their non-disabled peersRead MoreSpecial Education And The Benefits Of Technology1639 Words   |  7 PagesSpecial Education and the Benefits of Technology in the Classroom Special Education is a type of instruction designed to help disabled and gifted children use their full learning abilities. Many special needs children work in regular classrooms for most of the school day. These students also work with specially trained teachers for part of each school day. These teachers work with helping them to overcome their disabilities. These sessions are usually held in a classroom called a resource roomRead MoreIntegrating Special Education Children596 Words   |  2 PagesDisadvantages of Integrating Special Education Children in Regular Classrooms Few topics have as much controversy as inclusion of children with special needs in regular classrooms. Few professionals question the appropriateness of inclusion of students with disabilities in regular classes. However, significant debate about which students should form part of the general education classes and the time they should spend in those classes persists. This has led to two groups, one for, and the other againstRead MoreSpecial Education Philosophy Paper2449 Words   |  10 PagesDescribe own special educational philosophy in terms of its metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic. My Philosophy of Special Education is that special education is teaching children who have special needs, which can interfere with their learning abilities. I believe special education compared to general education is merely an extension of services in helping all children learn. Learning is a process through which we increase our knowledge as a result of the experiences in our lives. WeRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Inclusion For Special Education Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper I am going to be talking about the pros and cons of inclusion for Special Education children. By definition, Inclusion rejects the use of special schools or classrooms to separate students with disabilities from students without disabilities. Special Education is a topic that is important, even though people may not realize how important it is for the fact that they don’t understand what goes into Special Education for children in schools. â€Å"Negative beliefs many people have about individualsRead MoreGeneral Education And Special Education930 Words   |  4 PagesCo-Teaching Expectations Division of Labor General education and special education teacher are require to work together as a team to ensure the students in the inclusive classroom setting is learning with the accurate accommodation and tools to fit their needs. The general education and special education teacher work together to create a lesson plan to which it targets all areas of learning for all students in the inclusive classroom setting. Both teachers should sit together to discuss their concernsRead MoreSpecial Education Reflection1329 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: REFLECTION PAPER Reflection Paper En Tseh Wang Lehigh University Special Education 332 (Education and Inclusion of Individuals with Special Needs) has been enlightening for me as a secondary mathematics educator. In the beginning of the semester, my feelings towards special education were those of apathy and insensitivity. I now understand that my feelings were due to my lack of knowledge and my judgment based on stereotypes. I always knew that making fun of students

Literacies and Communication for Healthcare-Samples for Student

Question: Discuss about the Literacies and communication for healthcare. Answer: Communication for healthcare This essay will examine the concepts, communication tool and framework of conversation within the nursing health care. A model case study that involved a first-year nurse student will be used in the analysis of the various concepts, communication framework and a communication tool. A concept can be defined as an understanding preserved in the mind from an experiences and imaginations according to (Townsend Morgan 2017). Riley (2015) proposed that a concept or notion is a building block of a particular theory. Nursing governance concept will be used to analyze the model scenario two. The concepts empower all the employees within the nursing workforce to take part in decision making without any discrimination. Thus, providing them with a sense of belonging in the management. Communication framework involves identification and categorization of steps to render implicit and explicit conditions of a patient. The paper will also analyze the application of the assertive communication to re solve the communication to outline other key roles of the nurse and nurse trainee. Later, discuss the appropriate tool applicable for the effective communication to the selected case model two. The nursing governance concept was selected for the scenario 2 since its very vital in roles played by nurse practioners. Nursing governance concept create equality to all employees towards the success of an organization. Flicek, (2012), reported that during attachments, nurse student will mainly interact with experienced nurses hence using the nursing governance concept adheres to nursing code of conducts. Assertive communication framework according to (Yoo Park,2015) express both positive and negative feelings in a holistic, open and direct way. That means in scenario 2, the communication framework allows the student nurse to respect rights of the nurse in charge and to recognize his or her rights. The assertive communication therefore, creates room for student nurse and the nurse to creatively confront and get a mutual satisfying solution to a problem. SBAR according to (Bach Grant 2015) is one of the best communication tool for the second scenario. The tool is utilitarian for au thorization of the authority transfer from the nurse to the trainee. The nurse was required to offer a description, diagnosis, status assessment of the client and an endorsement on how the student was supports to handle the patient. The tool would equip the student with skills and the mistake done would not have occurred. The nurse addressed the student colleague in a very inappropriate, unethical and unprofessional manner. The communication between the two nurses was there not effective. Adhering to the nursing code of ethics that demands respect for colleagues is quite important in developing a good communication and working environment. In order to achieve health care goals good communication is really essential. The nursing governance concept is often associated with poor cooperation and ineffective communication in a health care setting. It causes devastation to some health care providers if not well utilized. The shared governance affects interpersonal communication especially where direct communication among health care givers is a prerequisite. For the nursing governance to be effective, accountability and responsibility are key. The needs and the comfort of the patient should be given the first priority for any effective communication to take place (Kear et al 2012). Accountability helps peop le to reflect and review their action in order to determine the future decisions and be responsible of their own actions. In scenario 2 the nurse is aggressive to the student hence distorting the communication of the idea intended to be driven home. Aggressive people will only pursue their desires without caring the distress they cause others in the process. The aggression of the nurse hurt the student nurse and upset the patient who was being attended. The communication would be really good if the nurse used the assertive skills in the right manner. Assertiveness respects and recognizes the rights of other people.it also helps one to build up some creativity of seek a solution to a problem. She was supposed to express her/his feelings and ideas without demeaning the ability the student nurse. Instead, the nurse was hash and rude consequently hurting the colleague. He/she arrogant and thinks the student is too incompetent to dress a simple wound. Communication difficulties are acknowledged when the set objectives are not achieved or in cases where employee handover is extremely high. According to (Well et al 2012) communication among the nursing workforce may tremendously impact patients results. Healthcare practitioners should be at the fore front to scrutinize and establish communication difficulties. Then attempt to implement proper ways in resolving them in their line of duties. Nursing governance concept can be applied in model two case study to create a corroborative link between the first-year nurse student and the mentor in order to eliminate any existing communication obstacles. Hence improving the treatment skills of the student. With respect to (Xie et al 2013) a good relationship among the nurses improves service satisfaction. Assertiveness is a weighty quality for the nurse practitioners to consummate the needs of their clients. Therefore, effective communication and aggressiveness between the trainee and the men tor creates a stable trust among them thus allowing them, to make wise decisions. That means the nurse on duty is expected to own decent understanding, proper communication and attitudes towards the first-year student nurse. If the nurse is able to implement assertive framework, then the trainee will have assertive in her work to offer a competent service. The assertive framework also allows the co-investigators to seek the extent of skills acquired by the trainee through the healthcare programs. In case of any insufficient then the trainers can employ the right measures to equip the student. One of the strategies with respect (Cornell et al 2013) used to communicate during handovers is the ISBAR technique. The technique ensures everyone involved with the patient must understand the procedures during the administering of the treatment to that particular client. The adoption of ISBAR communication tool according to (Aebersold et al 2013) helps to enhance nursing communications. Though the technique requires appropriate application. Identifying the situation, background, assessment providing proper recommendation contributes greatly to proper communication skills. Thus, allowing the nurse practitioners to offer a substantial communication in a satisfied manner. The communication tool could be assimilated to the second scenario to boost the communication skills of the nurse trainee and the mentor. ISBAR tool exploit the standard language to pass a complete critical message. The tool takes care of common jargons which could lead to misappropriate interpretation of any contrad icting instructions. Hence the nurse in charge could have introduced the student through the ISBAR communication tool. If the nurse applied the ISBAR tool appropriately, the mess from the student could never occur. The paper discus a scenario where a nursing student in first year is mishandle by the nurse works with. He is harassed in the presence of a patient he is attending to. Later, he seeks for a way to settle down the matter with the nurse he who victimized him. The essay examined the concepts, the framework and the tool of conversation within the nursing health care. Nursing governance concept, assertive communication framework and the SBAR tool are utilized to facilitate good communication within healthcare service settings. Governance concept emphasize the need for accountability while assertive communication is used to demonstrate a suitable way of approaching matters within nursing health care. SBAR was a tool used to help the nurses changing shift to communicate the condition of the patient easily. The issues discussed are important for any nursing student to help them deal with different situations of their career References Flicek, C. L. (2012). Communication: A dynamic between nurses and physicians. Medsurg Nursing, 21(6), 385. Kear, M., Duncan, P., Fansler, J., Hunt, K. (2012). Nursing shared governance: Leading a journey of excellence. Journal of Nursing Administration, 42(6), 315-317. Well, E., First, F., Dignity, P., it Out, W., Training, C. B. (2012). How nurse leaders can foster a climate of good governance. Nursing Management, 19(5). Aebersold, M., Tschannen, D., Sculli, G. (2013). Improving nursing students communication skills using crew resource management strategies. Journal of Nursing Education, 52(3), 125-130. Cornell, P., Gervis, M. T., Yates, L., Vardaman, J. M. (2013). Improving shift report focus and consistency with the situation, background, assessment, recommendation protocol. Journal of Nursing Administration, 43(7/8), 422-428. Xie, J., Ding, S., Wang, C., Liu, A. (2013). An evaluation of nursing students' communication ability during practical clinical training. Nurse education today, 33(8), 823-827. Bach, S., Grant, A. (2015). Communication and interpersonal skills in nursing. Learning Matters. Riley, J. B. (2015). Communication in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Yoo, M. S., Park, H. R. (2015). Effects of case?based learning on communication skills, problem?solving ability, and learning motivation in nursing students. Nursing health sciences, 17(2), 166-172. Townsend, M. C., Morgan, K. I. (2017). Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in evidence-based practice. FA Davis

The seven against thebes Essay Example For Students

The seven against thebes Essay A monologue from the play by Aeschylus NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Dramas of Aeschylus. Trans. Anna Swanwick. London: George Bell and Sons, 1907. ETEOCLES: Burghers of Cadmos, timely words beseem Him at the stern who guards the citys weal, Guiding the helm with lids unsoothed by sleep; For, if we prosper, God alone is praised, But if, which Heaven forfend, mischance befall, One man, Eteocles, through all the town, In noiseful rhymes and wailings manifold Would by the folk be chanted; which may Zeus, True to his sacred name, Averter, turn From our Cadmeian city; you meanwhile It now behovethhim alike who fails Of youths fair prime, and him whose bloom is past, Yet nursing still his bodys stalwart strength, And each one grown to manhood, as befits The State to aid and shrines of native gods, That neer their homes be erased; to aid Your children too, and this your mother earth, Beloved nurse, who, while your childish limbs Crept on her friendly plain, all nurture-toil Full kindly entertained, and fostered you Her denizens to be, in strait like this Shield-bearing champions, trusty in her cause. And so far, to the present day, in sooth God in our favour hath inclined the scale; For unto us, so long beleaguered here, War prospers in the main, through heavens high will; But now, so speaks the seer, augur divine, Without fire omens, but in ear and mind Marking, with faultless skill, presageful birds, He, lord of these divining arts, declares That the prime onset of the Achaian host, Night-plotted, threatens even now the town; Haste, to the turrets then and bastion-gates Rush in full panoply;the breastwork throng, Take station on the platforms of the towers, And, biding at the outlets of the ports, Be of good courage, nor this alien swarm Dread over-much; God will rule all for good. Myself have scouts sent forth and army spies, Who, as I trust, no bootless journey make; And having heard their tidings, in no wise Shall I by guileful stratagem be caught. We will write a custom essay on The seven against thebes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Letter From a Birmingham Jail Analysis Essays

Letter From a Birmingham Jail Analysis Essays Letter From a Birmingham Jail Analysis Essay Letter From a Birmingham Jail Analysis Essay Essay Topic: Letter From Birmingham Jail Martin Luther King Jar. Was an activist during the Civil Rights Movement. In 1963 he wrote a Letter from a Birmingham Jail to address his fellow clergymen. King uses diction and appeals to pathos to tell the clergymen and the black community that waiting is no longer an option if they want segregation to end. In the Letter, King uses associations of something that can be created or possibly false to show that letting time pass by will not help end segregation. King refers to time as the myth (paragraph 21). This shows that people often think time will heal all wounds, but King thinks otherwise. In order for colored people to end their oppression, they must act more effectively (paragraph 21). King also refers to time as destructively or constructively (paragraph 21). This displays that time can either be good or bad the same way a myth can be true or false. If colored people wait then they will have almost no chance at ending their oppression. King appeals to pathos to get across the message that waiting is not an option. He describes seeing hate filled policemen curse, kick, and even kill your black brothers and sisters (paragraph 12). This is pathos because it is meant to his black community audience angry. Their own law enforcement is taking part in the violent acts towards black people, and this will urge them to fight back instead of doing nothing. King also writes, Let us all hope that the dark clouds of racial prejudice will soon pass away (paragraph 39). This is Kings way of bringing together the clergymen and the black community. By saying hope it makes the audiences feel like segregation can be ended even though it is really bad. If the audiences are hopeful, then they will not want to sit around and wait for it to be over, they will take action. Kings word choice and appeal to pathos helps him convey his message of taking action to end segregation.

5 More Misplaced Modifiers

5 More Misplaced Modifiers 5 More Misplaced Modifiers 5 More Misplaced Modifiers By Mark Nichol The syntax of the English language is fairly flexible, but one rigid rule is that a word or phrase that modifies a word or a phrase should be positioned so that its interrelationship with the target component is clear. These five sentences illustrate the importance of this rule. 1. â€Å"People watched a television broadcast reporting on North Korea’s nuclear test at a railway station in Seoul, South Korea, on Tuesday.† The sentence structure suggests that the nuclear test was conducted at a South Korean railway station. Rearrange the phrasing so that the modifying phrase about the location of the observation is adjacent to the description of the observation: â€Å"People at a railway station in Seoul, South Korea, watched a television broadcast reporting on North Korea’s nuclear test on Tuesday.† 2. â€Å"She adopted the term biracial after hearing it in discussions about being a person of mixed-race origin while an undergrad at Wellesley College. This sentence gives the reader the impression that discussions were about temporary ethnic designation about being a person of mixed-race origin only during one’s college years. But it was the subject’s self-designation, not her ethnicity, that changed during her college years, as this revision indicates: â€Å"While she was an undergrad at Wellesley College, she adopted the term biracial after hearing it in discussions about being a person of mixed-race origin.† 3. â€Å"According to historical records, he emancipated the slaves he owned in his will.† The modifying phrase â€Å"in his will,† as appended to â€Å"the slaves he owned,† implies that the slaves he freed were those located in his will, which implies that other slaves not contained therein were not necessarily freed. To eliminate ambiguity, insert the modifying phrase as a parenthetical following the introductory phrase: â€Å"According to historical records, in his will, he emancipated the slaves he owned.† 4. â€Å"It’s about a guy whose presidency is going up in flames named George W. Bush.† This syntax creates the impression that the flames are named George W. Bush. The phrase â€Å"named George W. Bush† does modify â€Å"guy whose presidency is going up in flames,† but for the sake of clarity, insert the phrase after guy and before the rest of the phrase, which itself modifies guy: â€Å"It’s about a guy named George W. Bush whose presidency is going up in flames.† 5. â€Å"That cycle can only be corrected when we come to value the vital role of private preserves.† Incorrect location of only in a sentence is the most common type of misplacement of a modifier. Comprehension of a sentence’s meaning is rarely compromised by this error, but only should be put where it belongs. In this case, it modifies corrected, not can, so it should follow corrected: â€Å"That cycle can be corrected only when we come to value the vital role of private preserves.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs PastBetween vs. In BetweenRunning Errands and Doing Chores

Bauman decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bauman decision - Essay Example They, plaintiffs, accuse Mercedes-Benz Argentina for brutally punishing plant workers, with the collaboration of the Argentinean military and police forces, whom the Mercedes-Benz Argentina viewed as union agitators. Plaintiffs claim that Mercedes-Benz Argentina had knowledge that the collaboration between the Mercedes-Benz Argentina and the state forces would result in kidnapping, torture, detention and murder of the workers, and that the plan was implemented in a certain manner. The manner is as follows; first, Mercedes-Benz Argentina labelled the appellants as â€Å"subversives† and â€Å"agitators† and this information they passed on to the state forces. Second, MBA had members of the military and state forces stationed within the Gonzalez-Catan plant. Third, MBA opened the plant to raids by the forces. Fourth MBA hired Ruben Lavallen, who is the police station chief and been behind much of the reign terror and installed him the chief of scrutiny, providing legal re presentation yet he was accused of human rights abuse. They also allege that MBA seemed to be pleased with the results of the raids and detentions since these actions helped in ending the strike and restoring maximum production at the plant. Plaintiffs brought a suit against DCAG in 2004 in the District court for the northern district of California under the Alien Tort Statute (ATS), and the Torture Victim Protection Act (TVPA). After a failed attempt to serve process at Stuttgart, Germany one of DCAG’s headquarters, they learned that DCAG purported to maintain an operational headquarters in Auburn Hills, Michigan after which they then attempted to serve DCAG in Michigan, Bauman v. DaimlerChrysler AG.DCAG moved to quash service and to dismiss the case since it lacked personal jurisdiction. In DCAG’s proxy statement submitted by the plaintiffs stated that since Daimler-Benz and Chrysler merged, DCAG maintained two operational headquarters, one in Michigan and the one at the current Daimler-Benz headquarters, Stuttgart. Co-Chairmen and Co-Chief Executive Officers of DCAG, Jurgen E. Schrempp, the former Chairman of Daimler Benz, and Robert J. Eaton, the former Chairman and CEO of Chrysler Corporation, both had offices and staff in Michigan and Stuttgart. Following the submission of this evidence, DCAG withdrew its motion to quash service after the respondents produced documents showing that the Michigan and Stuttgart were dual operational quarters. The service was authorized by a German trial court but was stayed by a German appellate so it could determine whether the process would infringe on Germany’s sovereignty. The defendants objected to these two documents and termed them as unauthenticated hearsay, but the district court dismissed the objection. The court also refused to further examine some of the plaintiffs’ evidence including the percentage of the DCAG’s worldwide sales that occurred through MBUSA in California and the overlap between the personnel of DCAG and MBUSA, since the court found the evidence irrelevant to whether MBUSA was an agent of DCAG and this was beyond the scope of supplemental briefing. The court ruled on DCAG’

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Business plan - Essay Example The Encore Specialty Coffee shop is a substitute to other coffee shops because it offers its customers a refined and calmer environment. The cafà © does not have televisions or radios. There is subtle music that plays in the background. Also, the pictures of local musicians are displayed on the walls. The cafà © has overstuffed leather seats and sofas that are like a library. While it pays homage to past times, the cafà © is at the technological cutting edge because it has Wi-Fi and the most modern espresso machines. The Encore Specialty Coffee Shop measures its success based on whether its market share increases, leading to a rise in earnings. Currently, it has a local market share valued at  £40 million. Its success arises from the fact that it offers quality coffee and leverages on its small workforce. The cafà © selects the best coffee beans from the distributors in Middlesex. Encore enjoys larger profits because of its small size and, thus, lower overhead. Its management handpicks the baristas and offers them salaries that equal other chains. The research was aimed at determining the market size, competition, business opportunity and market analysis of the coffee industry in the UK. Several research tools were used. First, all the coffee cafes in Liverpool were profiled. Particulars that were studied included their size, the number of employees, and the array of products they offer. Other information that was collected included their annual revenue, business philosophy and anticipation for the future. A lot of traveling was done to different parts of the city. Questionnaires and interviews were created to get the most relevant information on the interviewees. They included the customers that frequented this coffee house, the employees, and the management. Questions regarding the products that were stocked other than coffee to carry out co-marketing were asked. The internet was used to

Climate Change and Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Climate Change and Global Warming Essay Cause Climatologists, who predict short and long-term climate trends, believe carbon dioxide and other emissions, mainly from industrial and commercial activity over the last two centuries, have altered the Earths atmosphere. This change has caused a greenhouse effect which is rapidly warming the planet. Effects The predicted effects of global warming include the melting of polar ice caps; a significant rise in sea levels; more extreme weather events; a reduction in agricultural land; water shortages; food shortages; loss of rain forests; and more species becoming extinct. Solutions Scientists believe all nations must take immediate and urgent action to dramatically reduce carbon emissions. Technological solutions have been proposed, ranging from carbon scrubbers that remove carbon from the atmosphere and reduce greenhouse gases to placing giant mirrors in space to reflect enough sunlight to cool down the planet. Controversy Although an overwhelming majority of scientists accept the man-made global warming theory, a minority have questioned this consensus. They suggest that mans impact on the climate is negligible and that global warming is wholly the result of natural cycles. David Kennedy, nd. Basic Causes of Global Warming Retrieved February 27, 2013 from http://www.ehow.com/about_5057613_basic-causes-global-warming.html Basic Causes of Global Warming Greenhouse Effect When sunlight hits the Earth some is absorbed but most is reflected. The greenhouse effect is when sunlight escaping back into space is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere and then reflected back onto the Earths surface. Most greenhouse gas is water vapor, but other gases that contribute to it include carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, and other gases that have a less significant impact. Carbon Dioxide According to the U.S. Emissions Inventory 2004 Executive Summary, in 2002 around 40 percent of carbon dioxide emissions were the result of burning coal for electricity. Around 93 percent of the electric utility industry burns coal. Carbon dioxide emissions also come from cars and other vehicles, airplanes and buildings. New technologies, like the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and hybrid electric vehicles, are some solutions for minimizing vehicle carbon dioxide emissions. Methane Methane is the second largest contributor to the greenhouse effect. Methane is a natural byproduct of living organisms and is produced by plants and bovine flatulence. Bacteria decomposing organic material also produce methane. According to the U.S. Emissions Inventory 2004 Executive Summary, methane levels have increased by 145 percent in the last 100 years. In the United States, all rice fields are grown in flooded areas which produce methane gases. Deforestation Deforestation is the process of clearing forests, either rainforest or temperate forests. The burning of forests is responsible for up to 25 percent of carbon dioxide emissions. This is the result of clearing and cutting nearly 34 million acres a year. Forests are also important because they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. So while carbon dioxide emissions increase, the lack of forests is making the number increase faster. Permafrost Permafrost is a layer of land and soil that has been frozen and kept at freezing temperatures or below. In many northern climates like Alaska, Canada and Siberia, the permafrost layer of soil holds vast amounts of carbon. What researchers and scientists fear is that the permafrost will warm up and microbes will decompose the soil and release carbon dioxide. Permafrost has absorbed carbon dioxide for thousands of years, but may release it back if thawed. Timothy Sexton,.nd. Global Warming Cause Effects retrieved February 27, 2013 from http://www.ehow.com/about_4744736_global-warming-cause-effects.html Global Warming Cause Effects Greenhouse Effect The overriding cause of global warming is an umbrella term known as the greenhouse effect. As the rays of the sun reach Earth, some of the heat is absorbed and some is radiated back into the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere act similarly to a gigantic mirror and reflect warmth back to Earth that in the past would have continued being radiated into space. It is this reflection of heat back to Earth that is at the heart of the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse Gases These greenhouse gases that are responsible for reflecting back heat that would otherwise be lost include simple water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and the infamous ozone. Unfortunately, there is no way to know exactly which greenhouse gas is most responsible for the greenhouse effect. Cause of Increased Gases The problem of global warming has been caused by the addition of more greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. The gases responsible will rise into the air whether humans are here or not; the problem is that much of basic human activity in the 20th and 21st century produced greenhouse gas at a level never experienced before. Basically, any activity that produces one of the gases listed above is a cause of global warming; everything from driving a car to using electricity. Because trees act as a natural conversion plant to transform carbon dioxide into oxygen, deforestation contributes to global warming because the fewer trees there are, the more carbon dioxide gets into the atmosphere. Effects The effects of global warming are potentially far-ranging. Increased temperatures means melting of glaciers, ice and snow around the poles, which means an increase in sea levels. Warming water will also increase the potential for hurricanes and typhoons so devastating that they will make Hurricane Katrina pale in comparison. That rise in sea levels could also mean that beachfront property will soon be found 10 to 50 miles inland from where beaches are now. Temperatures The average temperature on Earth has been steadily rising since the mid-1980s, and global warming is expected to continue this trend. In addition to longer and hotter summers, rising temperatures will affect agriculture. Indeed, the effect of a hotter Earth is already increasing the transmission of infectious bacteria that thrive under warm conditions. Hoax? There are still a great many people who believe that global warming is simply some kind of politically-created hoax. Those leading the charge against global warming tend to be industry with a vested interest. On the other hand, the list of scientific entities that have agreed on the reality of global warming include, among many others, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Royal Society of the UK.

Locality Planning :: essays research papers

Locality Planning - The Key Elements A locality plan is a fundamental and dynamic management tool which will state a list of targets to be met within a given locality. It will be based on local needs analysis and will be used to prioritise resource allocation whilst at the same time encouraging involvement and enhancing accountability. There are many factors which will determine how such a plan might develop, some of which are the consultation processes, inter-agency and inter-service co-operation, availability of resources, service quality, monitoring and feedback procedures as well as meeting the corporate aims, values and policies of Fife Council. Consultation will need to be participative and all who may be affected by the plan would need to be actively encouraged to participate. This would involve amongst others, local community groups, elected members, voluntary organisations, residents, businesses, council services and officials. This consultation ‘phase’ would have to examine what other plans, initiatives, programmes and policies may be in place and any resultant impact on existing service provision and resources. Inter-agency and intra-agency co-operation is essential if information is to be collated and processed in any meaningful fashion and to ensure that any plan once in place will be properly supported. Barriers to co-operation need to be removed through consultation, participation, negotiation, and improved communication channels. Resource provision has to be assessed along with any plan. Existing resources, whether personnel, equipment or financial can only cater for so many needs. The targeting of these resources would need to be negotiated and agreed by all parties involved as part of the process of encouraging ownership of and participation in a locality plan. To provide a plan which meets local needs and has the necessary resources is pointless if the quality of implementation does not meet the expectations of the community. Recognition therefore of the service delivery processes are vital. Personnel need to be properly trained, highly motivated and committed to the aims of the plan. Equipment needs to be suitable for its intended purpose and utilised as effectively as possible. Monitoring and feedback are an essential part of the process if the locality plan is to remain dynamic. Monitoring allows the progress of the plan to be measured and any fine tuning can be implemented where needed.

Internet Tools at Dirt Bikes Essay

Communication is an indispensable part of any organization. It is required to keep up with their business (suppliers), employees (internally) and clients (externally). With every day new innovations in technology, internet is the no more a new concept. Another term associated with internet is networking. The companies big or small realize the fact that adapting the latest technology will take their business to new heights or else they will be left far too behind in the race. Hence it would not be incorrect to say that Internet has changed the way business used to run. It has raised the business to international heights. Internet is used on a global scale and provides a universal platform. Similarly building new services, strategies with in the organization is made possible through intranet. It is a medium of providing connectivity with the different department of the organization in the same office. On similar notes Dirt Bike management decided to look for new tools and technology that will best suite their company to make the communication process more effective and efficient. Introduction Dirt Bikes is a small manufacturing company of off-road bikes of its own brand. It is a privately owned company, and has its headquarters in Carbondale, Colorado. It has a staff strength of around 150-200 employees. The company maintains a website. The company has provided the internet access to its employees. To make the internal communication process across the departments more efficient some more tools and technologies needs to be implemented like E-mail, Video-conferencing, messengers. However, some other upcoming tools and technologies are: Mobile Networking Technology covering (3G), Wireless access and Radio/satellite signals Importance of Intranet The concept of intranet is evolving. This internal communication tool can be developed in such a way that integrates employees from all departments. They would be able to view permissible details of each other’s department along with the feature of internal chat, mail and files transfer. The employees will be provided individual login id and password keeping the system secure and traceable. Maintaining employees personal details will greatly help Human Resource department to track and keep updated information for any individual. The employees can check their details available on the network and can report for any changes whenever required. Contact information, attendance, leave balance are few of the named details that can be made available. The Manufacturing and Production department can discuss and forward the design related issues and updates through mail or common chat. The sales and Marketing team can maintain a database for archive with the details of previous sales records and a comparison with the present trends. They can track the sales projections and balance the act of supply and demand more efficiently. Implementation of intranet requires a client /server architecture connected in LAN. Additional Tools Certain departments like the accounts department that holds vital data related to the company and the employees and the manufacturing departments that works on upcoming designs of new model can make use of VPN (Virtual Private Network) that provides a secure and encrypted form of communication with in the public network. It is a cost effective way that provides the combined feature of Voice as well as data networks. The drawback of the system is that may slow down the process during high internet congestion. Another cost effective way of communication is through Wireless access with the help of smart phones and Bluetooth. The wireless access will cover the entire network of the company. Bluetooth can be within a particular department allowing access to printer, computer, phones all at the same time. It will be a low power option having a range of 10 meter. It reduces the confusing and messy cables and at times works without user intervention. The smart phones or the 3G phones technology will the employees outside the organization like the delivery and shipment department. Nearly all employees will feel benefited with the implementation of the above tools. It will definitely increase efficiency helping them to concentrate on the work. And overall the company will benefit too. Wireless Access Wireless technology offers a very flexible approach to stay in touch over the network internally with employees and externally with customers and suppliers. Bluetooth allows accessing internet while connecting to nearly 8 more devices at the same time in 10 meter range.

Digital Fortress Chapter 48

â€Å"What?† Midge sputtered in disbelief. â€Å"Strathmore claims our data is wrong?† Brinkerhoff nodded and hung up the phone. â€Å"Strathmore denied that TRANSLTR's been stuck on one file for eighteen hours?† â€Å"He was quite pleasant about the whole thing.† Brinkerhoff beamed, pleased with himself for surviving the phone call. â€Å"He assured me TRANSLTR was working fine. Said it was breaking codes every six minutes even as we speak. Thanked me for checking up on him.† â€Å"He's lying,† Midge snapped. â€Å"I've been running these Crypto stats for two years. The data is never wrong.† â€Å"First time for everything,† he said casually. She shot him a disapproving look. â€Å"I run all data twice.† â€Å"Well†¦ you know what they say about computers. When they screw up, at least they're consistent about it.† Midge spun and faced him. â€Å"This isn't funny, Chad! The DDO just told a blatant lie to the director's office. I want to know why!† Brinkerhoff suddenly wished he hadn't called her back in. Strathmore's phone call had set her off. Ever since Skipjack, whenever Midge had a sense that something suspicious was going on, she made an eerie transition from flirt to fiend. There was no stopping her until she sorted it out. â€Å"Midge, it is possible our data is off,† Brinkerhoff said firmly. â€Å"I mean, think about it-a file that ties up TRANSLTR for eighteen hours? It's unheard of. Go home. It's late.† She gave him a haughty look and tossed the report on the counter. â€Å"I trust the data. Instinct says it's right.† Brinkerhoff frowned. Not even the director questioned Midge Milken's instincts anymore-she had an uncanny habit of always being right. â€Å"Something's up,† she declared. â€Å"And I intend to find out what it is.†

Chapter 48 Essays

Chapter 48 Essays Chapter 48 Paper Chapter 48 Paper Essay Topic: Poetry The gamelan is a traditional orchestra from Japan. false The white tone singing style in the vocal part of George Crumbs Ancient Voices of Children is a style in which the singer: sings without vibrato In composing, Crumb uses techniques and instruments from various world musics. true The harmony in Crumbs Caballito Negro is primarily: atonal For which work did George Crumb win a Pulitzer prize in 1968? Echoes of Time and the River The prevalent rhythm in Crumbs Caballito Negro is meant to: emulate the sound of a galloping horse The gamelan orchestra is made up largely of percussion instruments. true Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Sonata V? improvisation How many books of madrigal sets did George Crumb write? four John Cages work 433 challenges the differentiation between music and noise. true Henry Cowell is known for combining Asian instruments with traditional Western ensembles. true Which composer has written several compositions on the poetry of Federico Garcà ­a Lorca? George Crumb Whose poetry did George Crumb set in his second book of madrigals? Federico Garcà ­a Lorca Harry Partch was a serious proponent of microtonal music. true Cages work Sonatas and Interludes is written for: prepared piano Which composer invented new instruments capable of microtonality? Harry Partch What instruments accompany the voice in Crumbs Caballito Negro? metallic percussion and flute John Cages work 433 is known for its consonant harmonic writing. false One of Henry Cowells innovations was the prepared piano. false George Crumb is representative of avant-garde composition in the United States. true The form of Sonata V from Sonatas and Interludes is: binary, with each section repeated John Cages Sonatas and Interludes is a work for Javanese gamelan. false Who is considered to be the inventor of the prepared piano? John Cage The prepared piano called for in Sonatas and Interludes simulates a: gamelan orchestra

How to Email Professors at Prospective Grad Schools

How to Email Professors at Prospective Grad Schools As an applicant to graduate school you have probably wondered more than once exactly what professors look for when they select students. Wouldn’t it be easier if you could just ask them? Before you go any further, let me warn you that emails can backfire. Many applicants email professors at graduate programs they wish to attend and receive terse replies, or perhaps most commonly, no replies. For example, consider this question from a reader: I am trying to figure out a topic that would be most suitable for me. I have reached out to many professors with little luck. Occasionally, they will share articles, but rarely will I get a response to a question. My questions range from graduate opportunities to specifics about their work.   This reader’s experience is not unusual.   So what gives? Are graduate professors simply rude? Perhaps, but also consider the following contributors to the poor responses from faculty. Figuring out What You Want to Study Is Your Job First and foremost, it seems that this reader needs to do more work before contacting prospective mentors. As an applicant, realize that choosing a field of study is your task and one that you should do before emailing professors at graduate programs. To do so, read widely. Consider the classes youve taken and what subfields interest you. This is the most important part: Talk with faculty at your university.   Approach your professors for help. They should be your first line of advice in this regard. Ask Informed Questions, Not Ones Whose Answers Are Readily Available Before you email a professor for advice,   be sure that you have done your homework. Dont ask questions about information that you can learn from a basic internet or database search. For example, information about a professors research and copies of articles are easily available online. Likewise, dont ask questions about the graduate program unless you have carefully reviewed all of the information on both the departments website and the professor’s website. Professors might view answering such questions a waste of time. Moreover, asking questions about information that is readily available might signal naivetà © or, worse, laziness. This is not to say that you should never contact professors at prospective programs. Before you email a professor make sure that it is for the right reasons. Ask informed questions that show that you are familiar with his or her work and the program and simply seek clarification on a few specific topics.  Ã‚   Three basic guidelines for emailing professors at prospective graduate programs: Do not inundate the professor with questions. Ask only one or two specific questions and you will be much more likely to get a reply than if you ask a series of questions.Be specific.   Don’t ask questions that will require more than a sentence or two in response.   In-depth questions about their research usually fall in this area. Remember that professors may be pressed for time. An email that looks like it will take more than a minute or two to answer may be ignored.Don’t ask questions that are outside of a professor’s purview. General questions about financial aid, how applicants are selected by the program, and housing, for example,   fall into this area. What should you ask prospective graduate mentors?Probably the question that you are most interested in is whether the professor is accepting students. That simple, direct, question is most likely to yield a response. How Do You Ask a Professor Whether He or She Is Taking Students? In a simple email,  explain that you are very interested in the professor’s research on X and, here’s the important part, would like to know whether he or she is accepting students.   Keep the email brief, just a couple of sentences. A short, concise email will likely yield a response, even if it is a â€Å"No, I am not accepting students.† What Next? Thank the professor for his or her response, regardless. If the faculty member is accepting students then work on tailoring your application to his or her lab. Should you start a dialogue? You can’t predict how a professor will respond to multiple emails. Some might welcome them, but it is better playing it safe and avoid emailing the professor again unless you have specific questions about his or her research. Faculty doesnt want to mentor students who require hand-holding, and you want to avoid being perceived as needy. Should you decide to ask a specific question about his or her research, remember that brevity is key in receiving a response.

Applying Servant Leadership in Practice 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Applying Servant Leadership in Practice 2 - Essay Example This gives the person the urge to continue performing better in the assigned duties every day (Sansone & Harackiewicz, 2000). The motivation might also involve organizing forums where people engage with others from other areas for exchange programs. The exposure given to a person reveals a challenge since he or she learns something unique from the peers. Motivating an extrinsically motivated individual would be through having prize tags for successful completion of tasks. This is because people will work hard in order to achieve the prize offered by the other. The motivation might also entail promotion or evaluation of people in which they strive to achieve the top spot (Sansone & Harackiewicz, 2000). A performance-driven team is inspired by the desire to satisfy others rather than attain external rewards. This group dedicates time and personal commitment in order to achieve their objectives without any target of gaining external returns (Mook, 2006). However, in some cases, like sports, a performance-driven team aims towards being the best in the game by claiming victories in all their matches. It is also prudent that a performance-driven team depends on a good leader who motivates members to get better every day and produce high quality services (Mook,

Concept Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Concept Analysis - Essay Example Concept analysis informs and clarifies nursing practice since it will synthesize isolated pieces of information and help in nursing diagnosis development. Therefore, concept analysis enables a researcher to identify attributes related to a concept in the nursing area such as diagnosis of a disease and enables a proper approach to situations. Empirical knowledge is based on the assumptions that a nurse can diagnose a situation by assessing it through the physical senses such as touching, seeing and hearing. Empirical knowledge is expressed in practice as competence, which is as a product of research and applying theories (Chinn, & Kramer, 2008). Aesthetic knowledge is involves understanding the nature of a medical condition, inferring this information and responding to it with a skilled action. It is expressed by the nurse knowing what to do without a lot of deliberation, and is based on the skill of the nurse in the given situation. Personal knowledge in nursing is based on confidence in the nurse that she knows how to deal with patients and this self-awareness grows with time as the nurse interacts with others. It needs to be integrated with professional responsibilities and is the basis of curative relationship between the nurse and patients. Ethical knowledge encompasses the moral knowledge of nurses and directs how nurses should interact with their patients. It requires an understanding of social values and requires the nurse to ensure they apply ethical reasoning when dealing with

Fidel Castro articulated a revolutionary vision in his 1953 trial Essay

Fidel Castro articulated a revolutionary vision in his 1953 trial defense, known as History Will Absolve Me. Upon what doc - Essay Example Castro was arrested and was sentenced to prison for fifteen years. During his trial in 1959, Fidel Castro had offered a long four-hour speech supporting the cause of the attack he had led and defended himself. This speech was later published in the form of a manifesto in the July 26th Movement which ultimately overthrew the then ruling Batista government and came to power in 1959 1. In the four hour long speech, Fidel Castro tried to speak about how he was denied justice and a fair legal aid. He spoke of how the jurist who was appointed to defend him was not given the permission to meet Castro in the required times. And this was the reason why he chose to defend himself in the trial. The revolutionary instances in the speech In the trial, Castro spoke about the positive intentions behind his actions. He recalled how he was questioned by the prosecutor and a large group of twenty defense attorneys. He had provided them with the correct facts and figures as well as the amount of money spent. He also mentioned the way the money was gathered and the arms rounded up. Castro was fearless in his trial and tried to hide nothing. He mentioned that it was achieved by the sacrifices of the country men who did not have any precedent seen in the history of the Cuban Republic. Fidel had spoken of the missions which inspired them in their national struggle. He also spoke of the humane and generous treatment which the party had faced in times of their adversaries. He stressed that if he was able to mention that the persons falsely accused in the trial were not related with him in any way, it was only because of his comrades and party members who were brave enough to accept their roles. He further mentioned that no amount of pain or suffering could deter their determination in being called as revolutionaries or patriots to their motherland. He spoke of how he and his comrades were kept separate from each other but they all ended up having the same plan and thinking. He then sai d then when revolutionary men carry the same ideals burning in their hearts no form of barrier could isolate them whether it is a prison wall or a sod of cemeteries. It was a single memory, one spirit, a single idea, a combined conscience and a single dignity that helped to sustain them2. He spoke of the different treacherous lies and deceits that were hurled against the freedom fighters. He spoke of the inhuman conditions in which the Cuban revolutionaries were treated3. In another instant, Castro spoke about how he was dishonored by the army personnel who also violated the orders of the court. Castro was even denied from talking with his peers4. These sentiments helped in fuelling the nationalist sentiment and the revolutionary struggle. Key revolutionary laws Fidel Castro had said that dictatorship is an unconstitutional feature5. Castro said that there were five revolutionary laws which could have been implemented after the capture of Moncada Barracks. The first revolutionary la w would return sovereignty and power to its people which would help to proclaim the 1940 Constitution that is the Supreme Law of the State6. The second revolutionary law was to give non-mortgageable as well as non-transferable possession of the land to all the tenants as well as subtenant farmers, lessees, the share croppers and the squatters who were found to hold five caballerias of the lands or even less. The third revolutionary

Role Played By International Organizations Politics Essay

Role Played By International Organizations Politics Essay International organizations provide a forum for international co-operation in environmental issues as they play two important roles environmental policy making and the development of international environmental law. Every organization is endowed with environmental responsibilities as those involved in international environmental law are established at the regional global, regional and sub-regional and bilateral levels. Almost all international organizations today have some competence or responsibility for the development, application or the enforcement of international environment obligations including those related to standard setting. The decentralized nature of international organizations in the international environment field makes it difficult to assess their roles by reference to any functional, sectorial or geographical criteria. They can be divided into three categories global organs associated with the United Nations and its specialized agencies, regional organizations outsi de the United Nations system and organizations established by environmental and other treaties. Within these categories there are of course overlaps since many organizations established in the categories were created by acts of the United Nations or its specialized agencies. History of International Organizations Prior to 1945 there were no international organizations dealing with environmental affairs but the period after World War II saw the emergence of a number of international organizations grow. They were established at global, regional and sub-regional levels to deal specifically with environmental issues or to adapt to the existing organizations by having competence in the area of environmental issues. The Stockholm Conference recognized that the global and regional environmental problems required extensive co-operation among nations and action by international organizations in pursuit of common interest for the protection of the environment.  [1]  Also states were called upon to ensure that international organizations play a coordinated, efficient and dynamic role for the protection and improvement of the environment.  [2]   Functions and Roles of International Organizations They perform a number of different functions and roles depending on their constituent documents in relation to environmental affairs ranging from judicial, administrative to legislative roles. The functions they perform relate mostly to five areas which will be discussed shortly. Forum for co-operation and co-ordination among states and non state actors on environmental management matters. As they act as a forum where informal and formal ideas are shared which builds on international consensus for regional and global action to be taken. Provides information international organizations receive and disseminate information and facilitate for the exchange of information through formal or informal consultations between states. Contribute to the development of legal obligations such as soft law by acting as a catalyst informally outside the organization or formally within the organization where the organization adopts acts or decisions which create legal binding obligations. Ensures implementation and compliance with obligations by receiving information from parties on an informal basis or receiving regular reports or periodic communications from parties to international environmental treaties as a means of reviewing progress in implementation. Act as an independent forum or mechanism for the settlement of disputes between states. Through the work of bodies with general competence to an environmental agreement or by reference of an issue to a body specifically created to assist with dispute settlement such as the International Court of Justice or the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Global Organizations General Assembly The United Nations specialized agencies and its subsidiary organs are regarded as the focal points for international law in the fields of environment law.  [3]  Through, the practice of the principal organs such as the General Assembly which has interpretated and applied broad principles such as the promotion of sustainable development and the protection of the environment. The General Assembly is regarded as the principal decision making organ and has the power to discuss any question or matters within the scope of the United Nations Charter or make recommendations to member states or the Security Council.  [4]  Furthermore, promote international co-operation in political social, cultural, educational, health fields plus the codification and development of international law.  [5]  There is no specific mention of the General Assembly having competence in environmental affairs but under Agenda 21 it was recognized as the principal policy making and appraisal organ having a regular review function with respect to Agenda 21. The major role played by the General assembly has been the creation of bodies that have been instrumental in environmental law such as the UNEP which is the main voice of the United Nations by bringing emerging issues before the international community so as to reach global and regional consensus on such matters. The CSD and the UNDP which seek to help developing countries and those in transition achieve sustainable development in line with environmental principles and standards. United Nations Environment Programme The United Nations Environment Programme is the United Nations designated body for addressing issues at the global and regional level. Its mandate is to co-ordinate the development of environmental policy consensus by keeping the global environment review by bringing emerging issues to the attention of governments and the international community so as to pursue action. This is the United Nations body exclusively focusing on international environmental matters. The constituent instrument which the programme adheres to commits it to the provision of policy guidance and co-ordination of environmental programmes within the United Nations among its roles.  [6]  The creation of the programme is testimony of the General Assemblys powers granted to it under the Charter so as to ensure environmental matters are dealt with collectively since they affect everyone. Provision of information UNEP has been promoting access to information on environmental law in order to increase the level of world-wide knowledge and to provide actors directly involved in the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental law, with the information they need. According to the Stockholm declaration  [7]  provision of such information is education on environmental matters, for the younger generation as well as adults, in order to broaden the basis for an enlightened opinion and responsible conduct by individuals, enterprises and communities in protecting and improving the environment. The basic premise being enhancing the knowledge of environmental law issues by carrying out environmental law studies through the development of websites, and producing environmental law publications to build capacity in environmental law globally. For instance, on Studies in environmental law matters UNEP devotes great attention to the strengthening and promotion of environmental law by undert aking legal studies on different areas identified in the Montevideo Programme III and in subsequent Governing Council decisions. Secondly, establishing a website which provides information on all its environmental activities such as UNEPs environmental law programme is intended to be an instrument for conveying not only information about UNEPs activities, but also to work as a resource tool for all those interested in environmental law world-wide. UNEP ensures that information on environmental matters is known fully especially to the least developed and developing countries sop that they use the environment sustainably with the information published. Provision of technical assistance to developing countries and in transition Technical assistance is very vital as few countries are fully capable to deal with environmental matters as they are today. This was recognized in the UNCED Agenda 21 and the WSSD plan of implementation which recognized the short comings in the environmental legislation in effecting the integration of environment and development policies and practices especially in the developing countries. UNEPs role is to strengthen national and institutional bodies so as to be able to translate sustainable development policies and strategies into action with respect to developing countries and those in transition. In line with Agenda 21 which underscores the importance of implementing international obligations through enactment of the laws at regional, national or municipal level. UNEP in line with Agenda 21 has focused on technical assistance with respect to building the capacity of legal stake holders such as decision makers, legal professionals and academics. The provision of Technical Assistance is guided by the Montevideo Programme II in which the Governing Councils decision 17/25 paragraph 2 stated its objective provision of technical assistance to least developing countries and countries with economies in transition to develop and implement environmental law. Which ensures the UNEP plays its role in assisting governments strengthen their legal and institutional frameworks through training the capacity of decision makers and legal stakeholders in environmental matters so that they strengthen, implement and develop environment law. The role of UNEP is to ensure that the least developed and developing countries in terms of the Rio  [8]  declaration enact effective environmental legislation so that it is in line with the environmental and development standards. Meaning the laws enacted have to reflect in their domestic laws international environmental law and in line with the developments in environmental law. United Nations Development Programme The United Nations established the United Nations Development Programme in 1965  [9]  as the principal channel for multilateral technical and investment assistance to developing countries apart from integrating the millennium development goals with environmental matters. It is active in all economic and social factors which are highly valuable under environmental law as they are interlinked with environmental sustainable development as stated in the Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development  [10]  economic development, social development and environmental protection are interdependent and mutually reinforcing with respect to sustainable development which is the framework to achieve a higher quality of life for all people. Therefore, the work of the United Nations Development Programme is linked directly to poverty reduction by removing the social and economic barriers by empowering the poor so that they will be able to practice sustainable use of the environment in line wi th its mandate. As there can be no achievement of sustainable development without clear focus on the reduction of poverty as favourable conditions must be present both socially and economically to ensure development and sustainable use of the environment. This is in line with the Rio Declaration  [11]  which clearly envisions eradication of poverty so as a requirement for the sustainable use of the environment by decreasing the disparities of living standards in line with the people in the world. The UNDPs role is to help developing countries strengthen their capacities to deal with environmental challenges at global, national and community level seeking and sharing the best practices by providing policy advice, management of important programmes and institutions such as the Global Environment Facility. This introduced the Small Grants Programme which aims at strengthening local capacity in the community by providing enabling conditions. As for instance, the Small Grants Programme works with communities around the world to combat the most critical environmental problems and support communities in their efforts to achieve more sustainable livelihoods. SGP supports projects of non-governmental and community-based organizations in developing countries to demonstrate that community action can meet both human needs and environmental sustainability.  [12]   UNDPs role in developing countries is to ensure effective participation of women in environmental affairs. As according to the Rio Declaration  [13]  women have a vital role in environmental management and development. Their full participation is therefore essential to achieve sustainable development. Since local actors, especially women, are excluded from meaningful participation in environment and energy policy-making processes. Exclusion has served to weaken the impact, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of initiatives, funding mechanisms, and programmes implemented by international development agencies and national governments.  [14]  This is attributable to the Small Grants Programme which enhances the capacity of local actors, especially women, to access environmental finance so as to ensure they are better equipped to act responsibly. Commission on Sustainable Development The United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was established by the UN General Assembly and ECOSOC in 1992 to ensure effective follow-up of United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Earth Summit. The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation recognized the CSD as a high level forum on sustainable development and it has specific roles which are. Review progress at the international, regional and national levels in the implementation of recommendations and commitments contained in the (UNCED) namely: Agenda 21; and the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development.  [15]  Follow up the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and achieve sustainable development.  [16]  Promote dialogue and build partnerships for sustainable development with governments, the international community and the major groups identified in Agenda 21. The Earth Summit recognized capacity-building as the means of implementation for Agenda 21 with particular focus on national mechanisms and international co-operation. The Division for Sustainable Development provides targeted advisory services at the request of individual governments. These services support specific policy initiatives and the requisite institutional development and capacity-building. Technical support is specifically designed to accelerate the formulation of policies for sustainable development and provide substantive support for their implementation at national and international levels in line with the Johannesburg Plan of implementation.  [17]  The Divisions technical expertise enables it to support developing countries and countries with economies in transition in their realization of sustainable development. The role of the CSD is to better equip developing countries to develop in line within the framework of environmental law principles as each country has its specific needs especially developing countries. United Nations Institute for Training and Research Is an autonomous body within the United Nations with the mandate to enhance the effectiveness of the United Nations through training and research. The role of UNITAR is to strengthen the capacity of Member States, Organizations and individuals to address environmental challenges and reach sustainable goals through innovative training approaches and methods.  [18]  In line with the Rio declaration which promotes access to information, public participation, and access to justice in environmental matters and the Aarhus convention which is a major initiative to strengthen environmental democracy it acknowledges that achieving sustainable development requires the involvement of all stakeholders. The role played by UNITAR is to ensure full participation of all the stakeholders under environmental law through proper training, being given a better understanding of how environmental law operates which in effect is capacity building of both developed and developing countries with respect to environmental matters. For instance, the Environment Unit deals with four core areas chemical management, climate change, biodiversity and environmental governance and law. All these areas are crucial to environmental law and the participation of all stakeholders ensures that there will be meaningful progress in the development of Rio Declaration Principle 10, the Aarhus Convention with respect to environmental law. Especially for governments, international organizations, developing countries and those countries in transition it will help them at a national level to adhere to multilateral agreements by addressing the gaps and weaknesses they have by involving the relevant stake holders at all levels necessary. Further, the role played by UNITAR is to be a haven of knowledge and expertise in my view with respect to international law and environmental law issues. This can be amicably seen in the international law programme it has which targets the relevant stakeholders in environmental law such as governments, international organizations, private lawyers, diplomats and government lawyers to ensure that they have full access to the information they need and participate fully by upholding the global respect for international principles. Security Council Under the Charter of the United Nations it has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.  [19]  Its mandate does not spell out the protection of the environment but due to its binding legal resolutions  [20]  it plays a significant role under international environmental law by promoting its development. The Security Councils first encounter with environmental matters was in 1991 when it adopted a resolution holding Iraq liable for damage to the environment resulting from the invasion of Kuwait.  [21]  It would be wrong to say that the Security Council has not played a role in environmental affairs as peace is very vital to ensure that there is development and sustainable use of the environment. As outlined in the Rio declaration  [22]  peace, development and environment protection are interdependent and indivisible. In essence the role played by the Security council is to ensure that as peace prevails so does the environment devel ops due to the preservation of peace by the Security Council. Protection of the environment has always been the duty of the Council as under the Rio declaration  [23]  warfare is inherently destructive for sustainable development as states should respect international law which protects the environment in times of armed conflict. Therefore, the Security Council has played a role in the promotion of environmental law by advocating for peaceful settlement of disputes and banning of wars so that there can be development of the environment as stipulated under international environmental principles. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Based in Rome established in 1945 and has a specific mandate to deal with environmental issues namely to promote the conservation of natural resources and the adoption of improved methods of agricultural production.  [24]  FAO leads international efforts to defeat hunger the first MDG, reducing global hunger and poverty by half by the year 2015. Helping both developed and developing countries, by acting as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy.  [25]  FAOs role is to support global environmental targets as Priorities for reducing hunger cannot be separated from those for sustainable management of natural resources and ecosystems. There is a close link between hunger, poverty and environmental degradation which underscore the need for multidimensional approaches to their reduction. FAOs Strategic Framework (2000-2015) specifically highlights sustainable production and natural resource conservation. FAOs role is to help count ries and regions develop coherent policies and programmes for efficient and socially desirable sustainable management of resources. The strategy also aims for the conservation, improvement and sustainable utilization of natural resources for food and agriculture, with special emphasis on fragile ecosystems and environments at greatest risk as in developing countries which are mostly affected. FAO works in broad partnership with governments, national, international and non-governmental institutions and civil society to broaden the base of understanding and increases the chances for success in addressing existing and future sustainable development and environmental priorities. Provision of Skilled personnel In line with its objective of reducing hunger which has the capability of causing social and economic problems if not checked fully. The organization has skilled expertise in the field who will serve to ensure that a boost in food production and sustainable methods of doing so are exchanged. FAOs experts are in different fields which help collectively to achieve the objectives within the spirit of co-operation as outlined in international instruments. The experts include Agriculture, Economic and Social Development, Fisheries, Forestry, Natural Resources Management and Environment. And since it has global and regional offices allows it to address the environment problems accordingly when they meet to ensure amicable solutions are given at high level forums in order to solve the problems plaguing the countries. Provision of knowledge FAO serves as a knowledge network through the use of experts foresters, fisheries and livestock specialists, nutritionists, social scientists, economists, statisticians and other professionals to collect, analyse and disseminate data that aids development. In providing knowledge to countries FAO recognizes that environmental issues cannot be handled without effective information within the hands of relevant stakeholders to ensure they have an understanding of what they are dealing with. Especially Online databases, thematic knowledge networks and new practices as websites disseminate information to help policy-makers and individuals make better informed decisions, strengthen links and facilitate sharing and exchange of information.  [26]   United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Established in 1945 its role is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science and culture while conserving and protecting historic and scientific monuments.  [27]  Its role has been in line with the Earth Summit which advocated for sustainable development which meets the needs of present generations without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their own. In essence sustainable development cannot be dealt with without educating the relevant actors in environmental law coupled with scientific knowledge. Therefore UNESCOs role is to educate and ensure knowledgeable citizens, informed political and economic decision makers are able to solve emerging environmental issues. For instance, UNESCO has a Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development Programme as education is an essential element of the global response to climate change. In line with the Stockholm declaration principle 19 education helps young people understand and address the impact of global warming, encourages changes in their attitudes and behavior and helps them adapt to climate change-related trends. UNESCO aims to make climate change education a central part of the international response to climate change. By strengthening the capacity of its Member States to provide quality climate change education; encouraging innovative teaching approaches to integrate climate change education   in school and by raising awareness about climate change as well as enhancing non-formal education programmes through media, networking and partnerships.  [28]   Furthermore, UNESCO promotes environmental law through its intergovernmental oceanic commission through capacity development. By developing leadership capacity such as fund-raising, team building, and decision-making skills for directors of marine and coastal sciences institutes to strengthen scientific, legal and institutional structures.  [29]  Special attention is given to developing, tropical and small island states where livelihoods depend heavily on marine resources. The Stockholm declaration in principle 20 clearly outlines such assistance to developing countries Scientific research and development in the context of environmental problems both national and multinational must be promoted in all countries especially developing countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Environmental techonologies should be made available to developing countries which would encourage their wide dissemination. The objective of the programme is to empower developing countries to sustainably use their coastal an d marine resources by through self driven capacity development. Due to the degradation and loss of life-sustaining ocean resources is accelerating, one of the greatest challenges is to develop capacity rapidly enough to protect and preserve these resources. The capacity-building approach aims to reduce the continuous dependence on aid by empowering countries to address their own problems through science-based strategies.  [30]   International Maritime Organization (IMO) The major role of the International Maritime Organization is to provide machinery for cooperation among Governments in the field of governmental regulation and practices relating to technical matters of all kinds affecting shipping engaged in international trade, to encourage and facilitate the general adoption of the highest practicable standards in matters concerning maritime safety, efficiency of navigation and prevention and control of marine pollution from ships.  [31]  Therefore the major role of the maritime organization is to ensure the safety of ships at sea so that they do not discharge pollution into the sea oil or any other substance plus there is no unnecessary dumping of wastes which causes damage to the marine environment. In having such high safety standards on ships which converge the ocean in essence they are fighting against pollution from such ships and are advocating for liability of pollution in the ocean as a way to ensure high standards of safety and secur ity procedures for ships. For instance as a result of the Torrey canyon disaster in 1967 a legal committee was established which became a permanent subsidiary organization. The swiftness of the action is admirable and only serves to show that the organization is concerned with the safety and security of ships as they travel over the ocean ensuring they do not cause marine pollution. In promoting the safety and security of ships as they traverse the ocean the IMO as mandated by its convention provides an Integrated Technical Co-operation Programme which ensures there are safe, secure and effective shipping services further protecting their waters and coasts from the environmental degradation caused by ships and other maritime associated activities. International Labour Organization (ILO) The role of the International Labour Organization is to promote its programme decent work for all as work is central to the well being of people. By providing work one gets income paving the way for social and economic advancement through strengthening of families and communities.  [32]  Therefore the major purpose of the ILO is to eradicate underdevelopment as stated in the Stockholm declaration which has caused many developing countries to lag behind. By securing decent work for all creates jobs as people can live sustainable livelihoods and ease pressure on the environment. The basic thrust of the programme in environmental affairs is to forge international consensus among governments, employers, workers and civil society that productive employment and decent work are key elements to achieving a fair globalization, reducing poverty and achieving equitable, inclusive, and sustainable development.  [33]<

Leukemia :: Cancer Research Health Essays

Leukemia Leukemia is a disease characterized by the formation of abnormal numbers of white blood cells, for which no certain cure has been found. Leukemia is also conditions characterized by the transformation of normal blood-forming cells into abnormal white blood cells whose unrestrained growth overwhelms and replaces normal bone marrow and blood cells. Leukemias are named according to the normal cell from which they originate, such as Lymphocyte Leukemia. Lymphocyte Leukemia is where a Lymphocyte cell is transformed into a Leukemia cell. Another example of Leukemia is Myelocytic or (Granulocytic Leukemia). This forms when a Myelocytic cell is changed or transformed into a Leukemia cell. Different Leukemia's are located in the microscope and by how much protein they contain. These Leukemia's are usually very severe and need treatment right away. The present incidence of new cases per year in the United States is about 25 to every 100,000 persons. The danger to the patient lies in the growth of these abnormal white cells, which interfere with the growth of the red blood cells, normal white blood cells, and the blood platelets. The uncontrolled growth of the abnormal white cells produces a tendency to unstop bleeding, the risk of getting serious infection in the wounds, and a very small possibility of obstruction of the blood vessels. Treatment of these Leukemias include chemotherapy with alkylafing agents, or antimetabodies that suppress the growth of abnormal white cells. Another treatment of some kind would be the x-ray or the administration or radioactive substances, or radiophosphorus, may be used. After treatment these diseases may last for many years. Age of the person diagnosed with Leukemia does play an important part in how that individual responds to any treatment. The older the person the less response he may have to treatment. Leukemia in Animals white blood cells is much less common as Leukemia in humans white blood cells. Today's treatment mostly includes chemotherapy and or bone marrow transplantation supportive care, where transfusions of blood components and prompt treatment of complicating infections, is very important. Ninety percent of children with Acute Lymphocyte Leukemia have received chemotherapy and fifty percent of theses children have been fully cured of Leukemia. Treatment of AML or Acute Myeolcytic Leukemia is not as successful but has been improving more and more throughout the 1990's. Scientists that study the cause of Leukemia have not had very much success lately. Very large doses of x-rays can increase the efficacy growth of Leukemia. Chemicals such as Benzene also may increase the risk of getting Leukemia. Scientists have tried experiments on Leukemia in Animals by transmitting RNA into the body of the Animal. Interpretation of these results in relation with human Leukemia is very cautious at this time. Studies have also suggested that family history, race, genetic factors, and geography may