Satire :: Literature Analysis, Art, Informative

Satire is a literary work in which the follies of its stem are attacked through irony, derision, or wit, usually to fulfill a corrective purpose. Those who satirize are called satirists. Satire is an art, and while making a point, it should do it in such a way that the reader doesnt feel assaulted, or moralized. No one likes a moralizer. Satires more eye enterprisingness than judgmental, and is conveyed through distortion, exaggeration (as well as understatement), paronomasia, ambiguity and innuendo, comparison and zeugma, similes and metaphors, oxymorons, and parables and allegories.Satire has existed since the beginning of human stupidity, or fault. Among the earliest records discovered from the B.C., there have been forms of mixer commentary. Greek playwrights would incorporate parodies into their plays, bards from the middle ages would sing of societys defects, by the 17th century, satirical books were published and sold. Nowadays, satires exists in various forms, such as The Simpsons, arbor Lee films, and The Onion.There are three main genres of satire Horatian, Juvenal, and Menippean. Horation satire is usually good natured, Juveanlian satire is a bit more hard core, and Menippean whim is chaotic and disorganized, with no form of prose.Theres an idea thats been progressively formulated, and thats that satire needs to be learning abilityous. This isnt true, however, that is how its displayed today. The humor of satire isnt upfrontits subtle and deadpan. Insane things will be said and done and the joker will be utterly solemn throughout it. Buster Keaton was a straight comic, barely smiling during his films, Ali G has the most outrageous interviews with celebrities and politicians and, somehow, doesnt crack up.

The Trail of Tears :: essays research papers

The Trail Of TearsGloria Jahoda, the author of The Trail of Tears duologue about how Indian populations dropped and how white people are the ones responsible for the drop of their population. The white men are not responsible for the drop of the Indian population. Johoda makes entirely Indians sound like defenseless children. Johoda is making excuses for Indians because Indians let the white man scoop out over their lives and life style.Indians would do everything that was asked of them by the white man preferably of standing up for themselves. The Choctaws were granted citizenship in the exception of them not living their everyday life style. Under citizenship, the tribal government of the Choctaws was abolished. Choctaws was given heavy fines and flush jail time if the Choctaws dishonored the demands of the white man for their citizenship. Chief Moshulatubbee was shocked so he decided to run for congress. Mississippians took Moshulatubbee wanting to run for congress as a joke . Moshulatubbee lost. The lost started a civil war among the Choctaws. No matter what the Choctaws did they did not get their way. When leaving Mississippi some of the Choctaws died of diseases and of hunger. So the Choctaws gave in and again let the white man take control of them.One of the electric chairs of the United States, Andrew Jackson went to war with Indians hopping to get rid of the Indians. Black Hawk was a 62-year-old Indian who hated Americans. Black Hawk places that American promises are empty. When ever Americans told Black Hawk that they would do something for the Indians the Americans would never do what they promised. Black Hawk decided to take the side of the British. When ever the British said they would do something for the Indians the British would always do what they promised. Black Hawk always carried a British medal about his neck he respected the British a great deal. Andrew Jackson the president of the United States at the time came face to face with Black Hawk. The president asked Black Hawk, why did you go to war, Black Hawk did not answer. It was said that maybe the sac chief did not understand the question, but I say its just another excuse for Indians being nave and letting the Americans do what they would like with the Indians.This book educates the audience on how there were brave Indians.

Influence of Mass Media :: Media

People atomic number 18 more work ond by mass media than they think. What evidence is there to instigate this asseveration? By Mass Media I mean the whole body of media reaching large numbers of public the major ones being newspapers, television and the Internet. The main purposes of mass media are to provide in framingation, entertainment and advertisement. In this essay I will handle the influence that Mass Media has in the general public and give the evidence to support the statement People are more influenced by mass media than they think.. The history of mass media can be said that started from the ancient Greece. Philosophers, generals and politicians of the ancient Society discuss issues and after spread to the public by the use of word of mouth. The ancient Greek Drama and poetry can be considered as a form of mass media, communicates a message to the society. In other words since the early years the great unwashed has always being influenced by Mass Media. In todays c reative activity people cannot live without Mass Media and with the help of technological improvements to send messages to the masses is becoming easier and easier. As we are been shower with tons of advertising, information and other demeanor of materials by the different types of Mass Media has influence in our everyday life styles. Newspapers are typically daily or weekly publication that contains news and intellection of current events, featuring articles, and advertising. By fact there are now about 9000 daily newspapers around the world. Therefore newspapers reach a wide audience worldwide, which is why newspaper is a type of Mass Media. The newspapers are an incredible influence tool in society they can easily turn on people emotions in favor or against an issue or something. This is because we as readers tend to believe everything that is written in the newspaper even do it might be the wrong information. We can take the case around 12 years ago of the murder of James Bulg er by Robert Thompson and Jon Venables, the British press had alleged that the kids were influence to commit such an act because of a spiteful video that they had watched, at the end the end they two kinds had not seen that video. What does this tell us about the newspapers? They betray information that goes to the public which immediately influences the public to react, in this case the parent of kids prosecute the media that had influence their kids, but they dont know that the same media is influencing them to do act that way.

Does Delegated Legislation Represent a Threat to the Democratic Process

Delegated legislation is the power delegated by Parliament to some person or body to make law. The conduct of Parliament that enacts a valid piece of delegated legislation, and the latter itself, both have the same legal force and effect. Parliament retains general control over the single-valued function for enacting such law. There are various types of delegated legislation. Orders in Council, Statutory Instruments, Bye-laws, Court Rule Committees, Professional regulations. It is essential to focus on the facts that specific controls have been set up to oversee an unjust or inapplicable delegated legislation. Apart from the parliamentary control of the Join Select Committee on Statutory Instruments, Courts can also altercate ultra vires provisions through judicial review. Due to the complex nature of the delegated legislation, there are contradicting opinions about its democratic or not- characteristics.Some people make out that as long as there is some control over delegated l egislation not only by Parliament by more significantly by judiciary, this kind of legislation doesnt seem to threaten the democratic process. In fact, given the pressure and waste of time on debating, it is more unspoiled for the government to spend its precious time in a thorough consideration of the principles of the enabling Act, leaving the appropriate minister or body to kick in the working details.The time saving and the fact that particular problems are faced swiftly from the minister or body overview ...

The United States †Mexican Border: The Beginning Essay -- American Hi

During the 1800s the United States Border region began to rapidly grow and with new knock down and resources to exploit, men like William Cornell Greene and immigrants such as the Chinese arrived and took advantage of the people, the land and the resources. Like similar businesspersons William Cornell Greene, a Tombstone rancher, began to explore the money making potential drop that Mexico had to offer. With the financial help of local elites Greene became a junior partner in ranching. (Truett, 84) It was when Dona Elena, Governor Pesqueiras widow, put her family mines on the market in the 1890s that Greene and some(prenominal) elites were able to combine their resources and found the Cananea Copper party. Elena then leased four properties to Greene. (Truett, 85) Greene then, with the help of a Walter S. Logan, a lawyer from New York, created a Mexican corporation, the Cananea amalgamate Copper Company (CCCC) and a U.S holding company, the Greene Consolidated Copper Company. (Truett, 85) In 1901 Greene united with Packard and the Roberts family to combine their lands in southern Arizona as the Greene Cattle Company. (Truett, 94) In addition, Truett reveals that Greene organized two new companies in Sonora The Cananea Cattle Company and Turkey Track Cattle Company. (94) That same year Greene purchased 344,000 acres slightly Cananea. Greene and Bernard and the Cananea Realty Company began to sell and rent town lots. (Truett, 94)The CCCC and its cohort reoriented the Mexican countryside bit by bit, acre by acre, toward the orbit of copper mining. (Truett, 94-95) Greenes connections helped him hoard massive amounts of land. For example with the help Tomas and Ignacio Macmanus, who traveled between Cananea and Santa Cruz,... ...ops, and restaurants onto a place that formerly lay beyond the reach of regional commercial networks. (Truett, 121) The Chinese had stamp down of restaurants and groceries they were hired as gardeners, cooks, houseboys a nd handymen. Jobs and resources were being taken away from the Mexicans and given to the Chinese. Testimonies state that the Chinese knew how to make themselves indispensable and in fact the relationships between the Americans and Chinese were more than amicable. (Truett, 121) The progress that the Chinese made led to prejudices against the Chinese and anti-Chinese sentiments began to fill the atmosphere during this time. William Greene and the Chinese immigrants are two of many capitalists that traveled to the U.S.-Mexican border region in hopes financial success. They helped build the Mexican economy at the expense of the Mexican citizens.

Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Essay examples -- essays papers

What is the FTAA In 1994, the leaders of the thirty-four democratic countries of the Western Hemisphere launched the process of creating a large-minded deal field of honor of the Americas (FTAA). The FTAA will be realised by 2010 with the aim of gradually eradicating barriers to look at and investment in the region. The final characteristics of the FTAA will be determined through negotiations by government officials from the thirty-four participate countries. The trade issues that are presently under discussion are market access investment services government procurance dispute settlement floriculture intellectual property antidumping, subsidies and countervailing duties and competition policy. Guiding principles for these negotiations are (1) the agreement will be consistent with the rules of the World Trade nerve (WTO), (2) all countries will be participants in all parts of the agreement, and (3) the final agreement will build on the existing agreements in the region s uch(prenominal) as the Andean friendship and the Southern Cone Common Market (known by its Spanish acronym MERCOSUR).Guiding Principles of the NegotiationsDecisions by consensus (one nation, one vote).Transparency.Consistent with rules and disciplines of the World Trade Organization.Commitment to improve on WTO rules and disciplines.Single undertaking with simultaneous negotiations in all issue areas.Co-existence with bilateral and sub-regional trade agreements.Countries negotiate and accept obligations individually or as members of sub-regional groups.Special tutelage to smaller economies and difference in levels of development.Rights and obligations shared by all countries.Countries to ensure that national laws and regulations conform to FTAA obligations. The central purpose of the FTAA is to enhance economic growth and prosperity of the member countries by lowering barriers to trade and investment within the Western Hemisphere. According to the principles, it is a WTO plu s agreement in the sense that the standards and disciplines of the WTO constitute the world on which the FTAA is to be constructed, but to be a success it must exceed these. In addition, the FTAA process co-exists with existing trade agreements and the sub-regional trade blocs can contribute a place at the negotiating table. As is also clear from the list of principles, th... ...p//www.stopftaa.org/info/info_maude.html)Cavanaugh, John. Hemispheric Network for Just and sustainable Trade and Development. Inside NAFTA 6 (2000) 12-15.Foreign Trade Information System. 2001. Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Process. Online. procurable on the World astray nett (http//www.sice.oas.org/ftaa_e.asp) orbicular Exchange. 2000. Top Ten Reasons to hold the Free Trade Area of the Americas online. Available on the World Wide Web (http//www.globalexchange.org/ftaa/topten.html)Hansen-Kuhn, Karen. 1996. Free Trade Area of the Americas online. Available from the World Wide Web (http//www.fo reignpolicy-infocus.org/briefs/vol1/ftaa.html)Nason, Jesse. 2000. FTAA Myths vs. Reality online. Available on the World Wide Web (http//www.stopftaa.org/info/info_factmyth.html)Nason, Jesse. 2000. Straight from the Horses Mouth A unfavorable look at what the FTAA says just about itself. Online. Available from the World Wide Web (http//www.stopftaa.org/info/info_quotes.html)Public Citizen Global Trade Watch. 1999. Unveiling NAFTA for the Americas online. Available from World Wide Web (http//www.stopftaa.org/info/info_publiccitizen.html) Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Essay examples -- essays papersWhat is the FTAA In 1994, the leaders of the thirty-four democratic countries of the Western Hemisphere launched the process of creating a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). The FTAA will be established by 2010 with the aim of gradually eradicating barriers to trade and investment in the region. The final characteristics of the FTAA will be determined thro ugh negotiations by government officials from the thirty-four participating countries. The trade issues that are presently under discussion are market access investment services government procurement dispute settlement agriculture intellectual property antidumping, subsidies and countervailing duties and competition policy. Guiding principles for these negotiations are (1) the agreement will be consistent with the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO), (2) all countries will be participants in all parts of the agreement, and (3) the final agreement will build on the existing agreements in the region such as the Andean Community and the Southern Cone Common Market (known by its Spanish acronym MERCOSUR).Guiding Principles of the NegotiationsDecisions by consensus (one nation, one vote).Transparency.Consistent with rules and disciplines of the World Trade Organization.Commitment to improve on WTO rules and disciplines.Single undertaking with simultaneous negotiations in all iss ue areas.Co-existence with bilateral and sub-regional trade agreements.Countries negotiate and accept obligations individually or as members of sub-regional groups.Special attention to smaller economies and difference in levels of development.Rights and obligations shared by all countries.Countries to ensure that national laws and regulations conform to FTAA obligations. The central purpose of the FTAA is to promote economic growth and prosperity of the member countries by lowering barriers to trade and investment within the Western Hemisphere. According to the principles, it is a WTO plus agreement in the sense that the standards and disciplines of the WTO constitute the foundation on which the FTAA is to be constructed, but to be a success it must exceed these. In addition, the FTAA process co-exists with existing trade agreements and the sub-regional trade blocs can have a place at the negotiating table. As is also clear from the list of principles, th... ...p//www.stopftaa. org/info/info_maude.html)Cavanaugh, John. Hemispheric Network for Just and Sustainable Trade and Development. Inside NAFTA 6 (2000) 12-15.Foreign Trade Information System. 2001. Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Process. Online. Available on the World Wide Web (http//www.sice.oas.org/ftaa_e.asp)Global Exchange. 2000. Top Ten Reasons to Oppose the Free Trade Area of the Americas online. Available on the World Wide Web (http//www.globalexchange.org/ftaa/topten.html)Hansen-Kuhn, Karen. 1996. Free Trade Area of the Americas online. Available from the World Wide Web (http//www.foreignpolicy-infocus.org/briefs/vol1/ftaa.html)Nason, Jesse. 2000. FTAA Myths vs. Reality online. Available on the World Wide Web (http//www.stopftaa.org/info/info_factmyth.html)Nason, Jesse. 2000. Straight from the Horses Mouth A critical look at what the FTAA says about itself. Online. Available from the World Wide Web (http//www.stopftaa.org/info/info_quotes.html)Public Citizen Global Trade Watch. 1999. Un veiling NAFTA for the Americas online. Available from World Wide Web (http//www.stopftaa.org/info/info_publiccitizen.html)

Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Essay examples -- essays papers

What is the FTAA In 1994, the leaders of the thirty-four democratic countries of the Western Hemisphere launched the process of creating a still switch firmament of the Americas (FTAA). The FTAA will be established by 2010 with the aim of gradually eradicating barriers to plenty and enthr adeptment in the region. The final characteristics of the FTAA will be determined through negotiations by government officials from the thirty-four participating countries. The trade issues that are presently under discussion are market access investment services government procurement dispute settlement agriculture intellectual property antidumping, subsidies and countervailing duties and competition policy. Guiding principles for these negotiations are (1) the agreement will be consonant with the rules of the sphere Trade transcription (WTO), (2) all countries will be participants in all parts of the agreement, and (3) the final agreement will build on the actual agreements in the re gion such as the Andean Community and the Southern Cone Common Market (known by its Spanish acronym MERCOSUR).Guiding Principles of the NegotiationsDecisions by consensus (one nation, one vote).Transparency.Consistent with rules and disciplines of the World Trade Organization.Commitment to improve on WTO rules and disciplines.Single undertaking with simultaneous negotiations in all issue areas.Co-existence with bilateral and sub-regional trade agreements.Countries accomplish and accept obligations individually or as members of sub-regional groups.Special attention to smaller economies and difference in levels of development.Rights and obligations shared by all countries.Countries to ensure that national laws and regulations adapt to FTAA obligations. The central purpose of the FTAA is to publicise economic growth and prosperity of the member countries by lowering barriers to trade and investment within the Western Hemisphere. According to the principles, it is a WTO plus agr eement in the sense that the standards and disciplines of the WTO constitute the foundation on which the FTAA is to be constructed, but to be a success it must exceed these. In addition, the FTAA process co-exists with existing trade agreements and the sub-regional trade blocs can have a place at the negotiating table. As is also clear from the list of principles, th... ...p//www.stopftaa.org/info/info_maude.html)Cavanaugh, John. hemispheric Network for Just and sustainable Trade and Development. Inside NAFTA 6 (2000) 12-15.Foreign Trade Information System. 2001. Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Process. Online. operable on the World replete(p) Web (http//www.sice.oas.org/ftaa_e.asp) international Exchange. 2000. Top Ten Reasons to Oppose the Free Trade Area of the Americas online. Available on the World Wide Web (http//www.globalexchange.org/ftaa/topten.html)Hansen-Kuhn, Karen. 1996. Free Trade Area of the Americas online. Available from the World Wide Web (http//www.forei gnpolicy-infocus.org/briefs/vol1/ftaa.html)Nason, Jesse. 2000. FTAA Myths vs. Reality online. Available on the World Wide Web (http//www.stopftaa.org/info/info_factmyth.html)Nason, Jesse. 2000. bang-up from the Horses Mouth A unfavorable look at what the FTAA says about itself. Online. Available from the World Wide Web (http//www.stopftaa.org/info/info_quotes.html)Public Citizen Global Trade Watch. 1999. entry NAFTA for the Americas online. Available from World Wide Web (http//www.stopftaa.org/info/info_publiccitizen.html) Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Essay examples -- essays papersWhat is the FTAA In 1994, the leaders of the thirty-four democratic countries of the Western Hemisphere launched the process of creating a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). The FTAA will be established by 2010 with the aim of gradually eradicating barriers to trade and investment in the region. The final characteristics of the FTAA will be determined through negotiati ons by government officials from the thirty-four participating countries. The trade issues that are presently under discussion are market access investment services government procurement dispute settlement agriculture intellectual property antidumping, subsidies and countervailing duties and competition policy. Guiding principles for these negotiations are (1) the agreement will be consistent with the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO), (2) all countries will be participants in all parts of the agreement, and (3) the final agreement will build on the existing agreements in the region such as the Andean Community and the Southern Cone Common Market (known by its Spanish acronym MERCOSUR).Guiding Principles of the NegotiationsDecisions by consensus (one nation, one vote).Transparency.Consistent with rules and disciplines of the World Trade Organization.Commitment to improve on WTO rules and disciplines.Single undertaking with simultaneous negotiations in all issue areas.Co-e xistence with bilateral and sub-regional trade agreements.Countries negotiate and accept obligations individually or as members of sub-regional groups.Special attention to smaller economies and difference in levels of development.Rights and obligations shared by all countries.Countries to ensure that national laws and regulations conform to FTAA obligations. The central purpose of the FTAA is to promote economic growth and prosperity of the member countries by lowering barriers to trade and investment within the Western Hemisphere. According to the principles, it is a WTO plus agreement in the sense that the standards and disciplines of the WTO constitute the foundation on which the FTAA is to be constructed, but to be a success it must exceed these. In addition, the FTAA process co-exists with existing trade agreements and the sub-regional trade blocs can have a place at the negotiating table. As is also clear from the list of principles, th... ...p//www.stopftaa.org/info/info _maude.html)Cavanaugh, John. Hemispheric Network for Just and Sustainable Trade and Development. Inside NAFTA 6 (2000) 12-15.Foreign Trade Information System. 2001. Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Process. Online. Available on the World Wide Web (http//www.sice.oas.org/ftaa_e.asp)Global Exchange. 2000. Top Ten Reasons to Oppose the Free Trade Area of the Americas online. Available on the World Wide Web (http//www.globalexchange.org/ftaa/topten.html)Hansen-Kuhn, Karen. 1996. Free Trade Area of the Americas online. Available from the World Wide Web (http//www.foreignpolicy-infocus.org/briefs/vol1/ftaa.html)Nason, Jesse. 2000. FTAA Myths vs. Reality online. Available on the World Wide Web (http//www.stopftaa.org/info/info_factmyth.html)Nason, Jesse. 2000. Straight from the Horses Mouth A critical look at what the FTAA says about itself. Online. Available from the World Wide Web (http//www.stopftaa.org/info/info_quotes.html)Public Citizen Global Trade Watch. 1999. Unveiling NAFTA for the Americas online. Available from World Wide Web (http//www.stopftaa.org/info/info_publiccitizen.html)

Accounting Is Dubbed “Language” of Business Activities

Essential conjoin in objectives of commerce Accounting is dubbed language of headache activities conducted by firms as it is used to communicate business dealings per se to on the whole stakeholders According to Weygand, Kieso and Kimmel (2012, p. 4), the main purpose of accounting is consists of three basic activities, identifying, recording and communicating the business events by users. These three activities help the firm to operate the business to make decision be meaningful. Business has closely connection when doing transaction with their stakeholders by using the accounting, in order to make maximize turn a profits.Role of firm Firm (also known as business or enterprise) is an organization involved conduct goods and services to consumers. Business use different models and plans to figure out their range and outcome, in order to achieve organizational goal and achieve sufficient profit to finance our high society growth, which create pass judgment and wealthiness fo r our sh areholders. There are three forms of ownership, proprietorship, partnership and corporation. Every fictitious character of business receives different targets and objectives it is because the employer or shareholder is taking different level of risk and responsible.Each organizations employer sets its objectives to overcome difficulties. It relates to produce in different firms with different types products and how to satisfied their consumer, such as eating place produce well-prepared food to hungry customers and cars factory fabrication and assembly of cars to produce in high-quality to buyers. Therefore, the method used or issued meet should be different. Each type of business system will meet different levels of target. The objective, however, is quite similar to each other. As Edmonds, McNair and Olds (2006, p. ) menti superstard, in closely cases, the companies aim to satisfy consumer preferences efficiently (at worst cost) and aftermath with higher earnings. Dur ing business transaction, the main purpose for firms is to defy maximize profits and the buyers to pay at least amount of money. Otherwise, the loss will forego firms be bankrupt and result in unemployment rate increased. Business Transactions Business transactions are recording the businesss economic events by accountant. The economic events such as transaction are passing through accounting process of organization to users.The accountant records the transaction when the financial position (assets, liabilities or equity) of the lodge changed. In addition, the accounting equation must include the transactions, two or more items, which have dual effect and could be affected. There are two types of transactions which called external and internal. External transaction is record business events between the company and some outside enterprise. For example, LMS pizza shop purchases of cooking simple machine (equipment) from a supplier, and then sale the piazzas to customers are relate d to external transactions.Different to external transaction, internal transactions are economic events that occur all within one company. The use of cooking and washing machine (supplies) are internal transactions for this company. However, the company must analyze each event to illustrate if it affects the components of the accounting equation. For example, the company ordered additional films at $1000. This event will not be record. In the reason, the companys financial position does not change during this activity. exclusively if there is deposit that company needs to pay.Then the accountant should record this transaction. The accountant has ability to decide which transaction should be record. Determine the Value changing international Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) companies can apply fair value to property, plant, equipment and natural resources. The companies can sell the assets to fair value at the reporting data. If revaluation is used, business needs to follow the revaluation procedures. Assets that are experiencing rapid price changes must be revalued on an annual basis. Otherwise, less frequent revaluation is acceptable.However, most companies pick out to remain the original cost they paid instead to revalue. It is faithful to represent the fair value and the negative effects on the net income. Business should prise the faithful representation and relevance of trades-off in any case and determine the importance that the company considered at. To illustrate asset revaluation accounting, assume that an organization called as LMS pizza shop, they purchased the used machine to making pizza for $10,000 on March 11, 2013. But at the end of May 2013, the cooking machine is increased its wealth value to $13,000.At this time, the accountant has two decisions to record this value changed. One is to revalue the price and another one is to keep it remains the same. However, this action should consider by the company own perspective. It is because th e revaluation is affecting the net income. In the short summary, if it is the case that the value falls, the company gets positive effects on the net income. Otherwise, the company obtains negative effects on the net income. Finally, the company can fetch a higher price if sold the assets at the reporting date. Essential link in objectives of businessTarget as the core of growth for companies. During operation, companies have many decision-makings, like which firm is better to award of contract and which firm can bring most benefits. These decisions are related to companys benefit (profit), which are the business objectives. This is because the business objectives are the main purpose for running business to obtain uttermost profit at lowest cost. The statement is more clearly to anyone, even who outside the organization. It is benefit for everyone to use the information of financial accounting.Especially is for investors, creditors and other external users. That is all of the fund ament about financial accounting. According to IFRS, there are two measurement principles they usually use, the historical cost principle or the fair value principle. By using these two principles, company can clearly be seen in the earning profit or loss. According to Williams, financial accounting is wide throw uses in the business community nowadays (Williams et. al, 2011). Any decisions that the business makes need to concern about all of three activities in accounting quation. The companies all imply of the objectives that is bringing as much as profit to them. Summary Accounting as a major indicator for simply convenient operation and slim down the time to achieve companys goals. It is not only a kind of business language, but also a tool for measuring the target for company. As a business tool, it help employer to narrow the distance with all stakeholders in any transactions, hence to help achievement of objective and then obtain higher rate of return in anytime. Words 106 8Reference * Weygandt, J, Kieso, E& Kimmel, D (2012), Financial Accounting (IFRS edition). WILEY. USA * Edmonds, T, Edmonds, C, McNair, F& Olds, P, (2006), Fundamental Financial Accounting Concepts (5th edition) McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. clean York * Williams, Haka, Bettner, and Carcello (2011), Financial Accounting Including IFRS, Financial Accounting (Fourteenth Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York * International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), retrieved from http//www. iasb. org/

The War of the Roses

The struggle of the travels was a series of dynastic civil cont reverses fought between the theatre of operations of Lancaster and the stomach of York. Theses dickens classs fought for the English corporation, and both thought it was theirs to take. The houses both claimed the stern due to the item that they had decent through the boys of Edward Ill. So they both felt that they were deserving of the throne. This wasnt the source or the last era that these two houses fought from each one former(a), moreover this was by far their biggest encounter. One rea tidings that these two started fghting was the subsequently(prenominal)math of the speed of light Years War.The inancial and social troubles hit hard and they thought they could do better transmission line running things. plenty during this time started to panic and they whole wanted a piece of the pie. Prior to the war, heirs to the throne started dying so the number of aristocrats started dropping slowly. mo st people suggest that the English gentry was destroyed due to the War of the Roses, entirely I would argue differently. The concomitant that all these men were fghting over the throne does suggest that there were some deaths, besides I dont desire that it was the bring forth of the removal of the English aristocracy.Before I make my argument on why I believe the aristocracy was non destroyed by the War of the rosaceouss, I want to give a brief come forwardline of the war. The hostility rose after the death of enthalpy V and the infant henry VI was in line to take over. Richard, Duke of York, challenged the right of heat content VIs top of the inning because he wanted it for himself. He had descent through Edward Ills surviving boys. there is evidence that shows how meaning(a) the throne was to the people during this time and they were willing to do anything to try and get it. There was plain some history behind the people who fought in the war and how the title of th e war was amed.The Heraldic badges that associated themselves with the two houses, York and Lancaster, were roses. The House of York was a white rose and the House of Lancaster was a red rose. Early in the conflict, the York picked the white rose as their symbol, but the Lancaster rose was non introduced until after henry Tudor won the dispute of Bos cost. So the war was not called War of the Roses until years later after the war. During the war the participants wore badges to show which lord or patron that they were associated with. One example of this that I read was the white boar of Richard Ill worn by the Yorkist army.The houses were named after the cities York and Lancaster of course, but the houses didnt sustain much to do with the city it was named after. The House of Lancaster was established in 1399 by Henry of Bolingbroke. Henry of Bolingbroke was later crowned as Henry IV after he deposed his cousin Richard II. The next Lancaster magnate was Henry V and he died in 1422, but there was some hostility on who would take over the crown. When Henry V died he only had an infant son to take over. This is when Richard Ill challenged Henry VIs right to the crown like I mentioned before.Richard Ill was a actually powerful man and eld very important offices within the state. This was the first policy-making disagreement between the two houses and the beginning ofa feud that would start a war. In 1453 Henry VI (by now he was old enough to take the throne) went into insanity. Henrys condition was non-violent as a result of depressive stuper he lost control of his limbs York, to take over as the protector of the realm. Henry recovered in 1455 and took over his duties, which forced York to take up arms of self-protection. The fighting started with the contend of St.Albans in 1455. Their numbers were vaguely estimated t 3000 men, while the Duke of Norfolk and other friends were hastening to their aid the mightinesss force was estimated at 2000 men. 2 Ric hard, Duke of York and the Earl of Warwick defeated the Lancastrians who was led by Edmund. Edmund was the Duke of Somerset, and he played an important role before the war for the Lancastrians. He was killed in this skirmish and Henry VI was captured which resulted in Richard world appointed Lord Protector. The female monarch, Margaret of Anjou, unplowed pushing the Lancastrians to challenge the York House.Things were pretty quite over the next few years, but it started heating back up in 1459. York and his followers were forced out(p) of the democracy, but he would retaliate sooner than people thought he would. One of his strongest followers invaded Eng enter and captured Henry at the skirmish of Northampton. The heavy rain played in the favor of the Earl of Warwick during this battle and capturing Henry was much easier than people think. This battle resulted in four years of truce between the two houses, but they comfort didnt like the other one.There wasnt any major(ip) co nflict during this time, but it was bland uneasy between them. The civil wars between the two houses continued in 1459. York returned to the verdant becoming the Protector of England, but was not able to take the throne. York locomote north with his son Edmund, but the Lancastrian augusts surprised and killed both of them in the contend of Wakefield. The Lancastrian army went south afterwards but was unsuccessful in the taking of London. York had an eldest son named Edward, Earl of edge, who was later named King Edward IV.He was best known for winning the Battle of Towton. In Anthony Goodmans book he states, At Towton Edward could muster in all probability fewer than half the peers that Henry could. 3 This goes to show ow big of a victory it was for Edward. He crushed the Lancastrian army in certify 1461 by gathering the Yorkist armies resulting in a strong force that was too much to handle for the Lancasters. It was the bloodiest battle of the war, which resulted in Henry, Margaret, and their son fleeing to Scotland. The next series of battles was over disputes within the Yorkists ranks.Warwick and his followers felt like they were a powerful assembly, and when they got looked over at Edwards court, it didnt make them very happy. Warwick didnt agree with a foreign policy that the king was dis side n place and the tension grew giganticer. This resulted in another civil war in 1469, where Warwick and the Duke of Clarence instigated risings in the north. Then they defeated the kings supporters at Edgecote. There he held Edward prisoner, but nada genuinely came out of it. Edward had regained control by 1470 and made Warwick and Clarence fled to France. darn in France, they confederate themselves with Louis X.Here is where things get a little tricky because they also allied themselves with their former enemy Margaret of Anjou. Working together, they went back to England in September of 1470. There, they forced Edward out of his throne and restored th e crown to Henry VI. After being stripped of the crown, Edward fled out of England to the Netherlands with his supporters. There he got Burgundian aid and returned to England a year later. Edward outsmarted Warwick due to the fact that he knew the land, and talked Clarence into Joining his side. Then he slowly defeated that Warwick was defeated and her and her son fled west to the safety of Wales.Edward anticipated that Margaret would do this and beat her there. She was captured as a prisoner, and her supporters were defeated. There her son was killed and Margaret didnt have much power or support after these series of events. Very soon after these events, Henry VI was murdered in the Tower of London. It is thought that Henry heard of the death of his son, and when Edward IV was re-crowned, he ordered Henrys death. Edwards throne was secure for the rest of his life and was neer challenged or taken away. When Edward died in 1483, hostility begins again.Richard Ill took over the thro ne and he first moved to prevent the unpopular Woodville family of Edwards widow from participating in the government. Richard sed the suspicious Edward IVs marriage as pretext. To stop Richard, Henry Tudor (a distant relative of the Lancastrian king) was brought in and defeated him at Bosworth. He was then crowned Henry VI, and married Elizabeth of York to unite the two rival houses. Yorkist revolted and these were the last few battles of the war, but nothing really came out of it. These battles werent very big or important it was Just the fact that the Yorkist were upset that they were united. legion(predicate) historians like to believe that the Wars of the Roses were the result of the English aristocracy being destroyed. After reading material on these wars and reading Kington Oliphants article, I cant help but to think otherwise. According to Oliphant there are 27 historic houses. There are about twenty-seven great historic houses that belong to the former division, if we adop t a fair test for the term Historic House, and excluede from it all those families which have not held an Earldom in the male line continuously for at least one hundred years, or thereabouts, before the Reformation. 4 The houses in the 13th hundred really started getting recognized, and this is the period that begins hostility between houses. This also is the period that you see a rapid decline in houses. The Earls of Albermarle had died out so previous(predicate) as the Twelfth Century, and four great historic Earldoms dropped in the Thirteenth. The Century of Edward the Third swept away at least seven Norman Houses of the very first class amoun which were those of Clare, Bigod, and Bohun,- names intertwined with the brightest achievements of our early history.In the first and more peaceful part of Henry the Sixths reign, before Englishman had dreamt of civil war, the process of decay was Just as rapid. The last Mortimer, Earl of March, the rightful heir o the crown died a priso ner in 1424 the last Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, was struck spile by a cannon clod at the siege of Orleans, not long before the appearance of the immortal Maid the last Beauchamp, Duke of Warwick, passed away in 1445. 5 So what Oliphant is getting to is the fact that there were 12 houses that were already disappeared before the war even started.Well you might ask well there are still a number of houses to be counted for during the war so what is your point? Well from the start of the war (1455) to the end of the war (1487) there were a number of ouses that died that was unrelated to the war. Oliphant mentions the houses that died during the war but not because of the war. Foremost in this category comes the name of Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal of the realm, who died in 1475. To this we may add the less known names of Bromflete, Harington, Scales, and Sudeley. The Wars of the Roses had nothing to do with the extinction of these quintuple houses in Roses.The Bonville, Ti ptoft, Beaufort, Holland, and Lovell all died during the strife. Oliphant tells the story behind each of these names and how they died to end their ouse. The point that I want to make clear throughout this paper is the fact that the number of houses that had died out before the Wars of the Roses, clearly outweigh the number of houses that have failed since the beginning of it. Well you might ask, Why did this happen? YouVe gave me numbers and the fact that the Wars of the Roses didnt cause the fail of the English aristocracy, but how did it happen.Oliphant does a great Job of comparing another countries aristocracy to Englands. He uses old Scottish houses and what they did compared to what the old English houses did. twain causes have preserved the old Scottish houses from sharing the fate of their English brethren. The first was the prejudice in favour of heirs male, which would not allow the lands of a noble family to be split up among co-heiresses the second cause was the practi ce of allotting small estates to younger sons, whereby the chance of ever having an heir male at hand was much increased. 7 Showing the old Scottish houses and how they did things like this proves that there was a way to save the old English houses, but they failed to do so. Land was a big issue back then and it still is today. The Scottish houses knew that and knew they had to do something to preserve that land. They had to find a way to keep in the heirs family so it wouldnt in the end die out like most of the old English houses did. The next way the Scottish preserved their houses was the practice of allotting small estates to younger sons.The probability of always having a male take over the heir was a lot higher than if they didnt do this. These are Just some ways that the Scottish houses did to gibe that they didnt run into the same mistake that the English did. To me the English houses didnt invest in themselves very much. They didnt have a back up plan in example somethi ng happen to them and they died out. Historians studying this era tend to think that the Wars of the Roses wiped out these houses so they werent really thinking about investing in themselves.Oliphant proves that most of these houses were already died out ten years prior to the war so that assumption is inaccurate. There was a lack of effort in making sure that the houses never died out, but there shouldnt be any excuse for it. They should be prepared for the freak accidents or the natural causes that may come their way for the sake of the house. I believe that it was a little about pride, and the old Scottish aristocracy had that. They were proud of their houses and they wanted to keep it going.The English were to caught up in other things to think about, what happens to the house if something happens to me? What I wanted to get out of this paper was to know more about the War of the Roses and to dig deeper inside the war. I wanted to find something worth arguing about and giving ev idence on my point of view. I found out that the English houses started to die out and historians had suggestions for why this was happening. Some had the ame learning ability I had, and others thought it was because of the war.I believe that the war had an effect on some of the houses during time, but it didnt have the extinction effect that people said it did. The Wars of the Roses was a great time period and had a lot of conflict that went with it. Im positive that the conflict did have a little effect on the old English aristocracy dying out, but to say the war was the originator why it was destroyed makes no sense at all. In my opinion it was irresponsible of the men to not something special like the Scottish did, and who knows what the English could have been today.The War of the RosesBritish Studies THE WAR OF THE ROSES Introduction Name of The War of the Roses Famous people in The War of the Roses Causes of The War of the Roses The War of the Roses The result and imp act of The War of the Roses The summary Bibliography I. INTRODUCTION T he Middle Age considers one of the most exciting periods in English history. One of the most historical events of medieval era is the Wars of the Roses in the fifteenth century. The Hundred Years War , in which England lost practically all its lands in France, ended in 1453, but there was no peace in the solid ground.The feudal cope had broken out and the atmosphere in this country was instable and uncertain leading to the civil war in the fifteenth century. The War of the Roses was a series of dynastic civil war for the throne of England between supporters of two rival branches of the royal house Plantagenet the house of Lancaster (whose badge was red rose) and York (whose badge was white house) from 1455-1485. These thirty years of warfare was even more destructive to England the Hundred years War that had been in the previous century. Most of the fighting in the Hundred Years War took place in France, whic h meant most of the war machine violate affected in French peasantry rather than the English. In the War of the Roses, most of the fighting occurred in England, and thus the loss of the life and property was much greater for England citizens). Why was the called The War of the Roses? Why did the War of the Roses happen? How it happened? And what was the result? There are many interesting things about this famous war. Let discover together. II. THE strike OF THE WAR OF THE ROSES ? It is really an exciting name. Why was called the war of the roses?This name was given to the Wars by Tudor historians. The name Wars of the Roses refers to the Heraldic badges associated with the two royal houses, the White Rose of York and the Red Rose of Lancaster. pic ? However, it is not thought to have been used during the time of the wars. The White Rose was one of the many emblems which were used by King Edward IV as a symbol of his fathers right to some lands and a castle in the North. General ly he preferred to use the emblem of the sun and its rays, a reference to the three suns which appeared at the dawn of the day of the battle of Mortimers Cross 1461.The White Rose only later became accepted as the symbol of the House of York, particularly when Elizabeth of York married King Henry VII, but before then other emblems were in general use by the Yorkists. The Red Rose was the emblem of the House of Tudor, and the Tudors only played a substantial part in the Wars during their final stages. The king Henry Tudor united the two roses to create the Tudor rose which contain both white rose and red rose after marrying Elizabeth of the York. Thats why the war between them got the name the War of the Roses. III. famed PEOPLE RELATING TO THE WAR OF THE ROSES During the war of the Roses, there are kings or Dukes who contributed main roles in the war. Let begin our discovery with the first king of the house Lancaster. THE bear OF LANCASTER 1. THE KING HENRY IV tower 30 Septemb er 1399 20 March 1413 Coronation 13 October 1399 Predecessor Richard II Successor Henry V Henry IV was King of England and Lord of Ireland (13991413). He was the ninth King of England of the House of Plantagenet. He became the first King of England from the Lancaster branch of the Plantagenet, one of the two family branches that were belligerents in the War of the Roses. 2. THE KING HENRY VReign 20 March 1413 31 wondrous 1422 Coronation 9 April 1413 Predecessor Henry IV Successor Henry VI Henry V was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 35 in 1422. He was the second English monarch who came from the House of Lancaster. After military experience fighting various lords who rebelled against his father, Henry IV, Henry came into political conflict with the increasingly ill king. After his fathers death, Henry rapidly assumed control of the country and embarked on war with France. Henry IV was a very brilliant king. 3. THE KING HENRY VI Reign 31 howling(a) 1422 4 March 1461Coronation 6 November 1429 Predecessor Henry V Successor Edward IV Henry VI (1421 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. His periods of insanity and his inherent benignity eventually required his wife, Margaret of Anjou, to assume control of his kingdom, which contributed to his own downfall, the collapse of the House of Lancaster, and the rise of the House of York. 4. THE KING HENRY VII (HENRY TUDOR) Reign 22 noble-minded 1485 21 April 1509 Coronation 30 October 1485 Predecessor Richard III Successor Henry VIIIHenry VII (Welsh Harri Tudur1457 1509) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor. Henry won the throne when he defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Fiel. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. He was successful in resto ring the power and stability of the English monarchy after the political upheavals of the Wars of the Roses. He founded a long-lasting dynasty and was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII, after a reign of nearly 24 years. THE HOUSE OF THE YORK I. THE KING EDWARD IV Reign 4 March 1461 3 October 1470 Coronation 28 June 1461 Predecessor Henry VI Successor Henry VI Edward IV (1442 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 3 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death. He was the first Yorkist King of England. The first half of his rule was marred by the force-out associated with the Wars of the Roses, but he overcame the Lancastrian challenge to this throne at Tewkesbury in 1471 to reign in peace until his sudden death. 5. THE KING RICHARD III Reign 26 June 1483 22 August 1485 Coronation 6 July 1483Predecessor Edward V Successor Henry VII Richard III (2 October 1452 22 August 1485) was King of England for two years, from 1483 until his death in 1485 dur ing the Battle of Bosworth Field. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty. III. CAUSES OF THE WAR OF THE ROSES ? There are three main causes leading to the War of the Roses. ? The first reason is the political crisis (dynastic problems) In 1215, the Norman barons were united with the Saxon nobles and the growing bourgeoisie of the big townspeoples and they took park in the governing in the country.During the Hundred years war, they built castles with high walls and kept private armies of thousands of men. Realizing the danger with big barons represented to the crown, Edward III tried to marry his sons to their daughters, and the heiresses of the House but this not help to strengthen the position of the House Plantagenet. Then, Henry Bolingbroke seized the crown and became the first king of the Lancaster dynasty, Henry IV (1399- 1413). It marked the end of the line of the Plantagenet monarchy and the beginning of the Tudor reign the end of Medieval England and the beginning of the countrys Renaissance. However, Henry IVs reign was not an easy one. Having taking the throne by force, he had made many enemies, especially those whose legalise claim to the throne he had ignored. Henry s oldest son ( who would became Henry V ) was a brilliant and courageous warrior and was responsible, on many occasion, for putting down major rebellions against his fatherrebellions that came from the other side of the family who wanted the throne. Beginning in 1405, Henry IV suffered from a recurring illness that finally took his life in 1413. Henry V (1387-1422) would go on to secure English-held lands in France and trengthen the bond between the two countries by winning the right to the French, as well as to the English, Crown. Henry V died at a young age in battle in France, leaving a nine-month-old sonKing Henry VI. While Henry V was busy fighting wars in France and accumulating wealth for his country, the feudal between the York and Lancaster Houses was subdued. Only one rebellion occurred, and the leader of that rebellion was tried for swindle and killed. However, with Henry Vs deathand only a baby for king, and Henry Vs wife, who was not only young but of French bloodmembers of both Houses began maneuvering again for power. Henry VI was a weak man, surrounded by poorly managed counselors. Not only did Henry suffer from mental illnesses, he lost most of the land that his father had won in France. Although Henry VI technically was king of France, he lost all authority in that country. Many English nobles, each with his own powerful army, grew discontent with Henry VIs rule. The interests of the House of the Lancaster supported by the big barons collided with the interests of the lesser barons and merchants of the towns, who support the House of the York. As a result, the feudal struggle grew into an open war between the Lancastrians and the Yorkist.William Shakespeare offers one poetic endorsement of this vie w My Lord of Hereford Henry IV here, whom you call king, Is a foul traitor to proud Herefords kingRichard II And if you crown him, let me prophesy The blood of English shall manure the ground, And future ages groan for this foul act Peace shall go sleep with Turks and infidels, And in this seat of peace tumultuous wars Shall kin with kin and kind with kind confound Disorder, horror, fear and mutiny Shall here inhabit, and this land be calld The field of Golgotha and dead mens skulls. O, if you raise this house against this house, It will the woefullest division proveThat ever fell upon this cursed earth. ? The second reason, in my opinion, is financial problems and societal changes. The fifteenth century had many changes in society that seriously affected to the war of the roses. The issues increased from the beginning of Henry VIs reign in 1422 with the corruption, public disorder, riots and the maladministration of justice.. After the leadership of King Henry V, The gush of Ch ivalry and the Mirror of all Christian Kings, the weak and placid Henry VI was a great disappointment. We can see that it was a bad government, militarily ineffective and financially irresponsible.His fool and weakness in governing directed his country down the bloody road of civil war. The king loaded his ministers and friends with gifts and pensions. Many people who were owed money at the Exchequer, such as military commanders, could not collect on their debts because there was not enough money to go around. People lost faith in the courts and turned to threats and violence to gain victory in their disputes. The result is a social climate approaching gangsterism. The social violence before and during the Wars of the Roses is often blamed on a phenomenon known as bastard feudalism. ?Finally, I consider the hundred year war affecting to the war of the roses, too. The Wars of the Roses began soon after the Hundred Years War ended. The suggestion that nobles were trying to retrieve fortunes lost in the withdrawal from France does not agree with the evidence. Few major families lost much by the English defeat most of the major magnates were growing wealthier. However, the end of the Hundred Years war did remove one reason for unity within England foreign war tends to unite people at home. The end of the War also left many unemployed soldiers a destabilizing group in society.Medieval knights and nobles were a military caste, and it was as easy for them to engage in domestic as foreign warfare. IV. THE WAR OF THE ROSE T he war of the roses, which lasted for thirty years (1455-1485), turned into a bitter struggle for the Crown, in which each party murdered every likely heir to the throne of the adversary party. It was a dark time for England, when the Kings and nobles were busy fighting and murdering each other and no time to take care of the common people, who suffered greatly. ? The opening battle of the Wars took place at St Albans in 1455. Richard of York leads a force of about 3,000 on a march toward London.Henry VI moves from London to intercept the Yorkist army. Henry halts his march in the town of Saint Albans and waits. Richard attacks and defeats Henry inflicting about 300 casualties. The Queen and her young son Edward flee into exile. The Yorkist faction also kills the Lancastrian ally Somerset, the primary supporter of Henry VI. ? After that, the queen rebelled at these actions, gathered an army around her, and positioned herself outside of York. When the duke learned of this, he went after her, although the queens troops were double the size of the dukes. The dukes army was easily defeated.In 1459 Richard was killed at the Battle of Wakefield. ? In 1461, the Battle of Towson, one of the bloodiest battles ever fought on English soil at the time, was fought with an estimated 25,000 people dying. Edwards army greatly defeated the queens army, forcing the queen and king, with their son, to flee to Scotland. That same year, Edwar d was officially crowned king of England, becoming Edward IV. ? Edward enjoy a few years of peace, but when he married Elizabeth Woodville in secret, he embarrassed Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, who was working to arrange a marriage for Edward with the French king.Edward also disallowed his brothers, Richard and George, to marry Nevilles daughters. In 1469, Neville and George fought against Edward. They won a decisive battle, held Edward hostage, killed Edwards father-in-law, and forced Edward to have fantan recognize Edward as an illegitimate king and to give the crown to George. Edwards younger brother, Richard, rescued the king, and Neville and George had to flee to France. ? In France, it was King Louis XI who suggested the alliance of Queen Margaret and Neville. The two agreed, Neville promised his daughter as wife to the queens son, and returned to England with a powerful army.Edward was defeated and had to flee to Holland and then to Burgundy. Edward, supported by the kin g of Burgundy, returned to England. Shortly after Neville had paraded Henry VI all over London as the restored king, he was defeated by Edwards new army in 1471. Henry as well as his son were then killed, strengthening Edwards claim to the throne. ? Edward died young, in 1483, leaving his twelve-year-old son heir to the throne. Edward Vs reign lasted only a couple of months. Richard, the uncle to the young king, claimed that his brother (Edward IV) had married Elizabeth illegally and therefore his heirs could not be crowned king.Parliament agreed, and crowned King Richard III in 1483. Edward V was placed in the Tower of London, along with his younger brother, and was never again seen. ? Two years later, in 1485, Richard would meet his death in a battle against Henry Tudor of the House of Lancaster he would become King Henry VII. Henry married Elizabeth of York, the strongest claimant for the throne from the York house, thus securing his position and ending the long Wars of the Rose s. picThe map of the battles in the War of the Roses (1455-1485) V. THE RESULT AND EFFECTS OF THE WAR OF THE ROSES Historians still debate the true extent of the conflicts impact on medieval English life, and some revisionists suggest that it leaded to many profound changes in England. The most transparent impact is the collapse of the Plantagenet and the raise of the Tudor dynasty. Moreover, with their heavy casualties among the nobility, the wars are thought to have continued the changes in feudal English society caused by the do of the Black Death, including a weakening of the feudal power of the nobles and a corresponding strengthening of the merchant classes, and the growth of a strong, centralized monarchy under the Tudors.It marked the end of the medieval period in England and the movement towards the Renaissance. VI. SUMMARY ? In my opinion, Middle Ages encompass one of the most exciting and bloodthirsty periods in English and European History with two important events. T hey are the Hundred Years War and The War of the Roses which seriously affected to the society, politics, economy and other aspect of England at that time especially the War of the Roses. It marked the end of the line of the Plantagenet monarchy and the beginning of the Tudor reign (118 years) and even the end of Medieval England and the beginning of the countrys Renaissance.It was really an exciting period. I hope that some information above will be useful for all of you during this course and later. VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY ? The War of the Rose Evans, HT (introduction by Ralph A Griffiths) Sutton Publishing 1998 ? The Wars of the Roses Gillingham, John Weidenfeld Nicholson 2001 ? The Wars of the Roses Griffiths, Ralph A Sutton Publishing 1998 ? Lancaster York Ramsay, JH Oxford University Press 1892 QUESTION 1. Which is considered the first main battle in the war of the roses? a. The battle of St. Albans b. The battle of Barnet c. The battle of Tadcaster d. The battle of Blore Heath 2. enry IV had a famous wife , depends on your point of view, who was this powerful women. a. Margaret of Anjou b. Mary de Guise c. Eleanor of Aquitaine d. Matida of Flanders 3. Richard duke of York was killed at which major battle? a. battle of Doncaster b. Battle of Wakefield c. Battle of Tacaster d. Battle of Sedgemoor 4. how long did the War of the Roses last? a. 10 years b. 30 years c. 50 years d. 100 years 5. this battle is widely thought to have the bloodiest ever fought on England soid. It marked a major Yorkist victory in 1461. which of these is it? a. battle of Hexbam b. Battle of Towton c. Battle of the Tadcaster d.Battle of the Hedgley Moor 6. what color rose was used to represent Lancastrians? a. white b. red c. blue d. black 7. In which century did the wars of the Roses take place ? a. 14th century b. 15th century c. sixteenth century d. 17th century 8. which foreign power sided with Edward IV during the wars a. Italy b. Spain c. France d. Bungery 9. which of these p eople was on the Lancastrians side during the war of the Roses? a. Thomas Cromwell b. Margaret of Anjou c. Richard Neville the king maker d. Richard Duke of York 10. Who was the first king of House of Lancaster? a. Richard Duke b. Henry Bolingbroke c. Henry Tudor d. Edward II END picpic

Filipino language Essay

Celso Ressurecion half-indio and half-spanish youth from Pampanga Feliza Reyes unseasoned lady of a Philippine insurgent general Nanding Reyes Felizas father and spike of the nationalist rebel group in BalerAzon Reyes Felizas mformer(a)Gabriel Reyes Felizas progenyer brother 2nd Lt. Saturnino Martin CerezoCapt. Enrique Fossi de las Morenas replace Lt. Mota as the head of the Spanish in BalerCol. Calixto VillacorteCommandante Teodorico Luna NovicioFr. Candido Gomez Carreno parish priest Lt. Jose Mota head of the Spanish army in Baler Lope friend of CelsoLuming friend of FelizaV.SUMMARY/PLOTThe narration happened during the siege of Baler. A battle between the Philippine forces and Spanish battalion in 1898.A four-year-old Filipina, named Feliza who fell in whop with a half Spanish and a half Filipino young man, named Celso who prefer to be a Spanish soldier rather than to be a Filipino katipunero. Feliza and Celsos retire has to be kept as a secret because Feliza is the fille of Nanding, a rebel leader who has the burning desire to completely annihilate Spanish soldiers in town of Baler.Filipino troops including the father of Feliza started to attack Spanish soldiers. The Spanish battalion inhabited the church service as their barracks to protect them from attacks of up armed Filipinos bounding the church.As the siege prolongs, little by little the Spaniards supply of foods decrease and many soldiers got sick because of no more supplies of food to eat. Commander Las Morenas and other subsequent commanders got wounded and sick because of being isolated for a number of months. there were some soldiers surrendered because they could no longer bear their sufferings. Even Celso who knew that Feliza got pregnant planned to escape together with his colleagues. That night of their escape Celso was trapped due to his friends own fear. He was betrayed by his own friend. Feliza who was patiently waiting for Celso, knew nothing about the execution hap pened to her love inside the church.Filipino troops have many times time-tested to convince the Spaniards to surrender because Spanish fleet in manila was already defeated and the war was actually ended. But still they refused to leave. Viva Espaa their principle. The destruction commander who discovered that the news was true. After the confirmation of the news, at last he and his follower peacefully surrendered.The sad thing was that poor Feliza, who longed for her love, who could instead be the happiest woman in the world that time because finally she and her love could be together, did not find Celso in the flock of freed soldiers rather found him inside the church with no more life.A.EXPOSITIONIn 1898, a band of Spanish soldiers heroically defended Baler (which would later be the capital municipality of Aurora in 1951) against Filipino forces for 337 long and weighty days. Dubbed as the Siege of Baler, the Spanish troops holed up inside the church of San Luis Obispo.This i s the setting of the movie Baler, a love report between a young Filipina barrio lass Feliza (Anne Curtis) and Filipino-Spanish soldier Celso (Jericho order Rosales) atomic number 18 caught in a forbidden love, torn apart by the societies they came from. Felizas father Nanding (Philip Salvador) is an anti-Spanish government fighter, which puts pressure on the young couple to slip by their relationship a secret. Outnumbered and out-gunned by the Indios they once governed and abused, the Spanish soldiers in Baler, including Celso and buddy Lope (Mark Bautista), are now forced to hole up in a church as they wait for non-existent military reinforcements to rescue them from the band of Filipinos who have now skirt them and are waiting for their surrender.B.RISING ACTIONBaler wasnt bad. But it wasnt effectual either. It was a very simple story a love affair between Jericho Rosales half-blood Spanish soldier and Anne Curtis (Feliza) subjective maiden (whose father Philip Salvador happened to be a particularly bitter freedom-fighter). This romance was set against the last days of Spanish power in the Philippines when the garrison at Baler including Jerico Rosales (Celso) character was forced to hole-up in the local church for almost a year, surrounded by the well-armed local militia. Under these trying circumstances, the two leads keep the faith as best they can, against all odds. And that was pretty oftentimes it.Despite its pretensions at being a period historical romance, the entire movie came rancid almost as blandly as though it were journalistic, rather than dramatic.The crux of the movie should have been the aching of the two lovers more specifically, Anne Curtis (Feliza) defiance of her father and Jerico Rosales (Celso) ultimate decision to defy his Commander and by extension his own dreams of planetually seeing his father in order to finally be with his love.C.CLIMAXThe story of doe-eyed Feliza (Anne Curtis), a young Filipina from the capital of Aurora province who falls in love with Celso (Jericho Rosales), a Filipino-Spanish soldier fighting for Spain as the once mighty pudding stone is now on a losing battle defending its overseas territories from the US. Felizas dad (Phillip Salvador) an anti-Spanish government fighter which means their love is anything but permissible, and thus are struggling to keep their relationship secret. Outnumbered and out-gunned by the Indios they once governed and abused, the Spanish soldiers in Baler, including Celso and buddy Lope (Mark Bautista), are now forced to hole up in a church as they wait for non-existent military reinforcements to rescue them from the band of Filipinos who have now surrounded them and are waiting for their surrender.D. Moral Lesson discern is expenditure fighting forLove is not easy in a time of uneasiness. But above all, Filipinos were really a freedom fighter. As Spaniards did not surrender, much more the Filipinos.E.REACTIONBaler is primarily a love story b etween Feliza, the daughter of a rebel commander (Anne Curtis), and Celso, a half-Spanish soldier (Jericho Rosales), set at the evenfall years of the Spanish regime in the Philippines. The young couple struggle to keep their forbidden love alivedespite familial and political tensions culminating in an almost yearlong blockade known as the Siege of Baler.Love is difficult in times of war, says a Filipino soldier named Lope (Mark Bautista) who is overly serving the Spanish army just like Celso. His statement perfectly encapsulates the movies theme. Complementing the primary conflict of Anne and Jerichos relationship is a setting of clashes between father and son, mother and daughter, duty to family and country, and loyalty and self-preservation. Throughout the movie, Baler explores the question of whether love-be it romantic, familial, or patriotic-can survive the most brutal of human endeavors war.VI.HISTORICAL ANALYSISBaler is a history-inspired Filipino movie mainly on a prohibit ed love between Filipino maiden Feliza Reyes acted by Anne Curtis and Filipino-Spanish Soldier Celso Resurreccion acted by Jericho Rosales. The couples love is difficult because of diametrical culture they came from. Feliza is a daughter of an insurgent leader Nanding portrayed by Philip Salvador and Celso is a soldier serving Spanish regime. Their relationship is kept alive even with hindrances such as the famous historical event Siege of Baler where Spanish Army including Celso assigned at Baler, Quezon is trapped in a church surrounded by Filipino Army anticipating for their concede as Philippine-Spanish war is ending. The siege lasted almost a year where it defied the love of the young couple.The film begins on a scene depicting how admirable Baler until the characters and scenes introduced consequences of their fate that becomes a strong emotional medium in actualizing the plot. The way that Lieutenant Mota killed himself instead of surrendering to Filipino troops touch him w hile Celso is watching is genuinely revealing that sacrificing blood and life is evident throughout the story. Indeed it did not fail because the film illustrated first about the love of a young couple and ended tragically with bloodshed.Characterization of Baler was a credit of the movie. Characters complimented each persona portrayed. Anne Curtis as Feliza is quite ironic to be a full blooded Filipina because of her looks but managed to defer it by her acting which made viewers imagine a real beautiful and in loved young Filipina. She portrayed it with grace as though viewers see it as an actual scene from the past. Also, we can acknowledge Philip Salvador as Nanding who symbolized oppressed Filipinos whom are intent to fight Spanish government. This portrayal is effective because it lets the viewers feel how gruesome the treatment of Spaniards.Other than that, Jericho Rosales as Celso acted smoothly throughout the film though some criticize him not fit for the role half Filipino and half Spanish since his beauty was truly for a Filipino Man. Despite that, he portrayed the role that viewers had suspension of disbelief. Seeing him as a true Filipino but was just lucky enough to have a job and to have been born in Spain. He in any case acted fair enough that he represented both sides of what he loves and what he ought to do.Basically, the setting of the movie, Baler, is alike an important symbolism of the movie. It connotes that the place is epochal for the young couple who fought for their love and life through wars. It implies their persistent love which was only ended by death. Also, as the movie also denotes, another meaning would be perceive from Baler is that it represented how firm the belief of Spaniards. They managed a year-long battle unknowingly to win or not but was urged because of their pride. Symbolisms are not evident throughout the film but Baler is the leit-motif which was the main point why the movie progressed.The style of the director is highly worthy that even young ones can capture the emotions of the movie. All throughout it depicted scenes and shots that emphasize worthy subjects that contributed to the maturity of the film. The film touched aspects differing from familial, personal life until political feuds. Hence, this film is a must for a person who seeks a touch of history and romance.VII.LITERAL ANALYSISA.THEMELove is difficult in times of warB.POINT OF sensible horizonThe Baler screenplay tries to present the Filipino point of view on the issue of the siege, and the international significance of the event for the fledgling Philippine Republic.C.SIGNIFICANTThe movie portrayed three (3) significant happening in which we may perceive that created conflict or harmony.First, the reality of Filipinos relationship with the Spaniards was illustrated thoroughly. In the movie, it was established how inviolable the love of the young couple and also how inviolable contents concerning priests or Spanish governme nt rulers. Here they have communicated implicitly that it is unlawful for them to be in these affairs. In present time, this reality is apparent. A good example maybe perhaps our Filipino culture of girls should be conservative. Some continue to obey the belief while the others who dont are denominate flirt. We cannot escape the fact that some if not majority dwell with this kind of perspective. However, as technology advance, so is our mental openness. Some embrace this kind of philosophy forgetting the old habit which was known worldwide that is Mara Clara style.Second, a reality portrayed was that a person is loyal to its own country no matter what. Established in the movie was how the Spaniards and Filipinos were firm with their own beliefs. The Spaniards remained loyal to their country despite the evidence that were shown to them telling that Spanish era is long gone. On the other hand, Filipinos remained fierce with their battle giving grace to the Spaniards. In these days, we can also relate the loyalty of these people with their respective country in ourdaily lives. A great example would be a broken family who despite of intense quarrel mange to unite if other clan while oppose to one of their family. This family volition join together defending their own ill-treated family member. In this case, we can say that our loyalty remains fully firm from where we came from.Lastly, a reality shown was Love conquers all even if death comes. Tragically, the movie ended revealing that Celso was executed due to accused treachery. In this case, we can see that no matter how full-size or small circumstances, the love of couple is still present though they are eternally apart.D.CONFLICTWhile Baler is a story of conflict, betrayal, suffering, self-preservation, selfishness, obstinacy, and self-interest, it is also a story of heroism, courage, love of freedom, patriotism, endurance, chivalry, humanity and above all, it also tells about a noble story of love in time of war the story of Feliza and Celso.Feliza is the beautiful daughter of Nanding (Phillip Salvador), whos a member of the rebel movement. This is the very reason why she and Celso have to keep their love a secret. Nanding, whose primary goal is to completely cut through out the Spanish soldiers stationed in the town of Baler, can never accept Celso, a half- Indio, half Spanish soldier who chooses to serve the enemies more than the Filipino insurgents who are struggling and fighting for their independence, their freedom.Feliza is in love with the man her father despises but who and what could stop the two young people who are madly in love with each other?

Research Paper of Advertising Essay

ad is a organise of communication in which companies bring forward their proceedss and services in order to convince consumers to buy or patronize their well be put onds. It is drilld to help increase the sales of the product, inform the consumers of a particular brand, inform people of changes in an existing product and to introduce a new product to the market. advertising is besides closely related to selling and they argon b arly insepar commensurate. Their only difference is that when a person advertises by backchat of mouth and by personal contact, it is called selling, but when we sell or try to sell by printed word, we call that advertising. Advertising really plays a part a big part in the success of a business. Companies spend large sums of money for the advertisements of their goods and services. In 2002, almost $236 billion was spent on advertising in the United states alone and $500 Billion worldwide. (Advertising,n.d.,par.3) Thats how serious advertising is i n the world of business. Advertising is very vernacularalty to every marketing organization, they use advertising as a way to build sales and profits for their business.They look advertising as a form of communication in which they can promote or pick up a continue transactions with customers and consumers. Advertising use to help increase the sales of the product, familiarize the consumers and inform people. Advertising is also often directed to trade channels to influence wholes-sellers, distributors, or retailers to stock or promote the brand. Advertising is value in general for its ability to enhance or improve the sales of the product or service advertised. Advertising has evolved into a very complicated and complex art. It has gotten so immense that it has developed various types and variations. Print, outdoor, broadcast, covert and public service advertising atomic do 18 just some of its examples. Promoting products with the use of newspapers, magazines and other print media is a part of advertising. nigh is the outdoor advertising, it is where you grant use of billboards, kiosks, tradeshows and events in promoting a product. Broadcast advertising is another popular moderate in advertising in which view ass use of the television, radiocommunication and the internet. Covert advertising is a unique method in which a product or a brand is subtly or sometimes evidentlyshowcased in entertainment shows like movies and television shows. Lastly, the public service advertising is a technique that serves use of advertising as an efficacious communication medium to convey socially relevant messages about important matters and social welfare like energy conservation, political integrity, deforestation, poverty, illiteracy and so on. (Manohar, n.d.par.7) Advertising has greatly influenced the indian lodge from a producer directed to being consumer driven technological advances and economic growth through increasing sales. using videos to boast sales , videos to pressurise sales, videos often speaks louder than words. Youtube conclusion featuring ordinary products have attracted many of viewers online.Getting noticed doesnt required slick production from a personnel studio. Even companies are exploitation videos to produce an entertaining demonstration about the products. There is one company named front point Security Company befit successful in development videos demonstration to expand its pool of customers. Sales marketing nowadays are using different technology to boost their sales. ( Joyner, p.81) Nowadays, with the advancement of technology, social media has been very serviceable not just in communication but also in marketing. With the emergence of Facebook, twitter and mobile technology it became faster and easier for the advertisers and celebrities to share their thoughts and opinions about they are endorsing. People involved in advertising know how much it is necessary to unendingly search and think of new way s to overstep with consumers. Hence, advertising is a very dynamic field.Changes are dictated by the consumers themselves. And with the advancement of technology, it became easier to marketers to reach out and send messages. They are looking beyond the usual media to better communicate with people from different walks of vitality. Now, the advertising strategy does not only include print advertising but also commercials to be run on intercommunicate television and internet websites. Television is one the most powerful mediums in advertising. People can instantly unwind and relax once they get in front of the TV. some other factor that makes television more effective than the others is that it can reach vast of number of people since a most of the people now own a television or has access to one. Television advertisements have the power to involve the viewers emotions into the advertisements. They may feel sad, happy, angry, etc. whenever they watch true commercials on TV, depen ding on what isbeing depicted on the product advertisement.More importantly, the outstanding advantage of television for advertising is that it enables the advertiser to vitalize his message to millions of prospects with the wait on of sight and sound, he can enliven his advertising, add interest to his sales talk, and present arguments in a personal and vivid manner, the advertiser can make his viewers to receptive to his sales message. Using celebrities to back a product is one strategy advertisers use in their product advertisements. They use celebrities because they have recognized and seen the power of celebrities in controlling the buying the decisions of the consumers. They rely mainly on the fames popularity and credibility to persuade consumers in buying or in patronizing their products. Advertisers think that with the use of celebrities, they can establish instant brand recall, refresh and add new significance to the brand kitchen range.This is attainable because cele brities create positive feelings toward a brand and consumers cover them to be very entertaining once they appear on the advertisements. (Boorstin, 2005) Celebrity endorsements carry a banding of benefits for the company of the product they are endorsing. That is why the companies are so much eager to hire them to promote their goods and services. One of the advantages in repute endorsements is an instant psychiatric hospital of credibility. This means with the celebritys approval in promoting a certain brand or product it creates a sense of cuss for the brand among the commit consumers. Another is the guaranteed attention of the viewers of the advertisements. Using celebrities or well-known personalities would make it more noticeable and interesting, therefore grabbing the attention of the viewer.Another advantage is the higher full point of recall or the extent in which a consumer can remember the brand (Boorstin, 2005). The recall value go forth rise if people will perceiv e the brand and the celebrity as two equal elements. Since celebrities are adored and idolized by their fans, they are being tapped to influence the fans towards their endorsed brand. Lastly, celebrity can also compensate for the lack of innovative ideas of the advertisers. Celebrities have penetrated the world of advertising and business. Their faces are literally can be seen everywhere. Numerous companies are now turning to celebrities to promote their products and services in hope of increasing their sales or attracting more customers. Just like what the Pantene now are doing. Theyget the number one contributor in the Philippines Ms. bend Aquino to promote and endorse their product. line Aquino is known to be top endorser of the Philippines (Yes Magazine, 2011). Being the most influential and most acknowledge endorser in the Philippines for two consecutive years the queen of all media grabbed the top spot in the list.The use of celebrities as endorsers has been so popular a s it has been so costly to many producers, but the question that must be answered is that do the sales pay off, if not outweigh, the amount it cost the manufacture to hire those celebrities. correspond to a July 2011 paper, a conclusion that endorsement were effective and helpful, in boosting up the sales by the $ 10 million a year, on average was emaciated after conducting a study thus it really pays off (Plank, p.48) Researchers shown that more than 20 percent of all TV advertisement includes celebrities and advertisers pay a clustering of money for their services ( Belch & Belch, 2001) and advertisers are ready to pay a lot of money to celebrities who are liked and respected by the consumers. Celebrity endorsements quiesce are powerful forces for brands to use to support themselves. But more importantly, those who respond to celebrity endorsers on social media are themselves far more likely to bind and respond to follow and respond to brands on social media. Celebrities are hired as endorsers because they could bring the products to fame among the public.The main tasks they do are to introduce and recommend the product. They become effective once the consumer associate them, who are considered meaningful people by the latter, with the commodity for sale. (Fowles, pp. 126-127) If there are advantages in celebrity endorsements, there must be also be disadvantages. Celebrities are not perfect and are just normal and they are also a human. His they are prone in fashioning mistakes too. It can be very damaging to the image of a brand when famous personalities misbehave. That is why companies straight act quickly when something wrong happens. Since the behavior of the celebrities reflects, on a brand, celebrity endorsers may at times become liabilities to the brands they are endorsing ( Fowles, n.d., p.126). Sometimes, too much product endorsements can also be bad to the celebrity and the brands she/he endorsing or advertising. The uniqueness of the endors ement can be weakened if the celebrity does too many advertisements, thus overexposing the celebrity.At times, mistakes can be seen celebrities acquire caught using thecompetitors brand instead of the product they are endorsing. Like in the case of Britney Spears, who was caught repeatedly drinking Coca-Cola when at that time she was comfort endorsing Pepsi. Despite the several advantages a celebrity may give to a brand, one mistake it does can be crucial to the company and to the celebrity themselves. ( Katyal. N.d., par. 16) Using celebrities is not a guarantee that the products that they are endorsing will immediately click with the consumers. Sometimes it might succeed and sometimes it might not just work. here(predicate) are some examples of successful celebrity endorsements and what made it successful. According to the website of Yes magazine the top ten celebrity endorsers of 2011 were line Aquino, John Llyod Cruz, Sharon Cuneta, Piolo Pascual, Carmina Villaroel, Kim Chui , Sarah Geronimo, Judy Ann Santos, Anne Curtis and Robin Padilla.These celebrities did well in their endorsements mainly because they have managed to draw themselves and the product that they are endorsing. A good campaign brand and an intrinsic intimacy between the celebrity and the message are musts for a successful campaign. ( Boorstin , n.d.,). The consumers were able to find the connection between the celebrities and the product as a result the advertising message was successfully relayed by the celebrity. Another cogitate that made them very successful as product endorsers is the fact that they are really big names in the world of show business. They have maintained a good reputation throughout the years as a result, the consumers began to trust them and began patronizing their products. If celebrities would right away to make a product click to the market, think again. Not all the celebrity endorsements succeed. At times, celebrity endorsement cracks because the message t he celebrities want to convey to the viewers about the product is not clearly understood.If the consumers find no connection between the celebrity endorser and the product which the celebrity endorser is endorsing, the endorsement will most likely fail and the failure to carry it out well in the advertisements will result to the unsuccessful relay of the message. (Fowles,1996, p. 129-131). The compatibility of the celebritys persona with the overall brand image is very important, as a celebrity imparts credibility and inspirational value to a brand and his/her image should perfectly match the brands image. In having an advertisement make sure that the audience will think in any detail the advertisement has (Popeil, n.p.,par.1). The manner in whichconsumers select, take in and process information becomes more and more important as the marketplace changes and becomes a global one. If consumers process and store information this means that to consumers everything they see hear and fe el about brands and products is only if a form of advertising.Consumers perceptions of a company and or its various brands are a synthesis of the bundle of messages they receive or contacts. A celebrity endorser is any individual who enjoys public recognition and who uses this recognition on behalf of a consumer good by appearing with it in an advertisement (McCracken, 1989, p. 310). Celebrity is used to impart credibility and aspirational values to a brand, but the celebrity needs to match the product. A good brand campaign idea and an intrinsic link between the celebrity and the message are musts for a successful campaign. Celebrities are no doubt good at generating attention, recall and positive attitudes towards advertising provided that they are supporting a good idea and there is an explicit fit between them and the brand. On the other hand, they are rendered useless when it comes to the actual efficiency of the content product, creating positive attitudes to brands, purchas e intentions and actual sales.Celebrities are people who enjoy public recognition by a large share of a certain sort of people. Whereas attributes like attractiveness, extraordinary lifestyle or special skills are just examples and specific common characteristics cannot be observed, it can be said that within a corresponding social group, celebrities generally different from the social normal human. When it comes in advertising celebrities have their own strategy where when they advertise people will immediately recall the product that they are endorsing. Advertisers believe that when they get a celebrity to endorse their product it will help them to increase their sales and also it will be easy for them to promote because celebrities can always see in television and some people are patronizing them. According to Daniel J Boorsting A sign of a celebrity is that his or her name is often worth than his or her services many people consumed their entire lives listening to what their fa vorite celebrities are saying about.A consumers decision in choosing a brand is greatly affected by an advertisement seen prior to the purchase. The number of goods purchased would only be measurable if the total number of consumers is controlled. Being entertained, being bombarded with sales talk, whether positive ornegative, celebrity endorsement has really proven to affect decisions of consumers although the mentality on advertising thus far remains the same. All we really need is credible information. The top endorser in the Philippines Kris Aquino is a sample of a good and well known endorser. Kris Aquino is the top endorser and most payable endorser in the Philippines. Kris Aquino is very in demand endorser in the Philippines and many advertisers believe in her effectiveness in endorsing a certain product.The Pantene shampoo is one of the product thats Ms. Kris Aquino is endorsing. But is Ms. Kris Aquino effective enough to catch the attention of female consumer? Maybe, since lot of women idolize Kris Aquino. One of the contends why people like her so much are because of her personality, she is unpredictable, always stirs controversies. Her personality is blunt she will criticize and comment with her honest opinion about issues, things, events and everything around her. She speaks her mind, often times tackles. She is likewise intriguing because of her personality. Talent, she has the talent to connect to audiences, to the masses, she knows how to act, react, communicate and how to show how ordinary she could be just like everybody else. Personal story or life, her life is like a novella, from time to time, there is a twist. New lovers, new things about her kids, her past, her relationship to anybody else, showbiz or non-showbiz, there is always an issue about her like that make her interesting. Family and popularity, she is the daughter of Ninoy Aquino and Former President Cory Aquino.She comes from a line of Filipino royalty, they symbolize, democrac y, simplicity, honesty, leadership, more or less, they represent the good in this country. They are the defender, fighter, leader of the country and its citizen. withal, one of the reasons why people follow her is because of her family legacy. Lately, her issues, life came to boring phase because she tries her best not to bring any controversy while her older brother Noynoy is the president. Being a presidents sister and having a family loved by people should have public humility. She should be wise and humble enough to bring disgrace. Her personality and characteristics are maybe the reason why she can catch many women to idolize and patronize her. Kris Aquino advertising plays perspective in from Pantene Management Female consumers Conviction. Pantene management believes in Kris Aquino transparency leading to authenticity. Pantene hair fall control get Kris Aquino to endorse their product.Despiteof Kris Aquino negative attitude like being hard and being prank the Pantene manage ment chooses to have Kris Aquino. Pantene management hopes that after having the most in demand endorser in the Philippines it will help them to boost their sales and will be easy for them to promote their product. Getting Kris Aquino is a strategy for pantene to promote their product. Pantene is relying in Kris Aquino credibility and celebrity status. Kris Aquino assures that every time she will be seen in TV her look is good and every time she will be aired she never will to tell people what are the secrets behind of her looks. As people see that Kris Aquino is looking better, the people will be curious about what she is express about, thats maybe the reason many are following her in every endorsement she has. Regardless of some people hates her still many believe in her advertising power and many still idolize her even there are people who makes bad stories about her, and maybe that is one the reason why Kris Aquino always stands number one in the celebrity stratosphere.Being a n influential celebrity brings Kris Aquino to be effective endorser of the Pantene product. Also it helps Pantene to promote their product to the female consumer. Advertising is very common in todays generation and every advertisers have their own strategy on how will they make their products be known and famous to the consumer. Pantene is lucky because many companies are distant to have Kris Aquino but lucky for them that they able to have the top endorser in the Philippines. According to John Morley Even good opinions are worth very little unless we hold them in the broad, intelligent, and spacious way. Kris Aquino being on the top endorser in Philippines because she is completely believable in every endorsement she has and when she is on air what is happening is real. The researchers conclude that advertising is very common in any business. The researchers wrap up that every business must be advertised for them to be known and for them to promote their product.It is not easy to h ave an advertisement there are many tricky things may occur before having an advertisement because advertisement is not easy to produce, also it costs a lot. Before having advertisement the company must be ready financially. Approval of a brand by a star fosters a sense of trust that brand among the target audience. This is especially true in case of new product. Celebrities ensure attention of the target group by breaking the clutter ofadvertisements and making the advertisement and the brand more noticeable. A celebritys preference for a brand gives out a persuasive message and hence, because the celebritys benefiting from the brand, the consumer will also benefit. For anybody who has ever tuned in to television, watched a movie, or driven down major thoroughfares, its hard not to notice the numerous advertisements that Kris Aquino has.From food products to housewares, the host of the top-rated daily lifestyle show Kris TV is definitely on top of the list when it comes to being a trusted endorser. It cannot be denied that Kris Aquino is the top endorser in the Philippines that having her as an endorser is really effective to endorse a certain product. And despite of her busy schedule she assures the she was able to give time to her fans and to product that that she is endorsing.Kris Aquino is the kind of celebrity endorser that if what she is endorsing she guarantee that when you use the product she endorse you will not be disappointed, because people know that Kris Aquino is very choosy when it comes to her advertisements and she is very demanding in all the things that is wrong for her. Lastly, the Pantene product were very lucky because they able to have Ms. Kris Aquino to endorse their product and the researchers conclude that having Kris Aquino will help the Pantene to boost and increase their sales because of Kris Aquino popularity to women and many women believe in her despite of her negative attitudes, still she is the most effective endorser in the Philippines.ReferencesAlmo, N. (2011 October 04). Kris Aquino on being an effective endorser What you see is what you get. Philippine entertainment portal. 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